Tin–lead perovskite solar cells (TLPSCs) have emerged as one of the most efficient photovoltaic technologies. However, their stability under operational conditions (ambient air, temperature, bias, and illumination) is lagging behind their sharp efficiency increase, restraining their further development. In this Focus Review, we provide insights into the degradation mechanisms of tin–lead perovskites and summarize the principal factors that currently limit the operational stability of TLPSCs. Specifically, perovskite composition and the device architecture stand out as critical aspects governing their sensitivity toward stressors such as temperature and light. We discuss several strategies to overcome these limitations and emphasize the adoption of standardized methods to quantify the lifetime of a device. We further propose using various characterization techniques to identify possible device failure mechanisms. We expect this Focus Review to assist in the progress toward the development of efficient and stable perovskite devices.

中文翻译：

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限制锡铅钙钛矿太阳能电池运行稳定性的因素

锡铅钙钛矿太阳能电池 (TLPSC) 已成为最高效的光伏技术之一。然而，它们在操作条件（环境空气、温度、偏压和光照）下的稳定性落后于它们效率的急剧提高，从而限制了它们的进一步发展。在这篇焦点评论中，我们提供了对锡铅钙钛矿降解机制的见解，并总结了目前限制 TLPSC 运行稳定性的主要因素。具体而言，钙钛矿成分和器件架构是控制其对温度和光等压力源敏感性的关键方面。我们讨论了克服这些限制的几种策略，并强调采用标准化方法来量化设备的使用寿命。我们进一步建议使用各种表征技术来识别可能的设备故障机制。我们希望本次焦点评论能够帮助开发高效稳定的钙钛矿设备。