Developing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with the solvatochromic effect and exploring multifunctional applications remains challenging. Herein, robust solvatochromic carbon quantum dots (RS-CQDs) with emission shift up to ∼62 nm from yellow to red was fabricated by the hydrothermal method. The RS-CQDs was used to detect water and Sn⁴⁺ in the linear ranges and limits of detection of 2.0–97.6% and 0.14% and 6.24–53.18 μM and 66.3 nM, respectively, and was further applied to determine Sn⁴⁺ in practical water samples with satisfactory results. In addition, RS-CQDs exhibited bright red emission in oil media with a 9.7-fold increase in fluorescence relative to aqueous media, making them a wash-free probe for specifically staining lipids. Compared to the commercial lipid marker BODIPY 493/503, the RS-CQDs-based probe has significant advantages, such as longer emission, larger Stokes shift, and better photostability, ensuring that RS-CQDs-based marker can implement real-time and wash-free monitoring and imaging of lipids in living cells, liver tissues, zebrafish embryos, and zebrafish larvae. This study provides a novel research direction for the development of metal-doped CQDs by demonstrating RS-CQDs as the viability of fluorescence probes for water and Sn⁴⁺ detection and the efficiency of RS-CQDs as a fluorescent marker for lipid imaging.

开发具有溶剂化变色效应的碳量子点 (CQD) 和探索多功能应用仍然具有挑战性。在此，通过水热法制备了具有从黄色到红色的发射位移高达 ~62 nm 的稳健溶剂化致色碳量子点 ( RS -CQD)。RS -CQDs 用于检测线性范围内的水和 Sn 4+ ^，检测限分别为 2.0–97.6% 和 0.14% 以及 6.24–53.18 μM 和 66.3 nM，并进一步应用于测定 Sn ⁴⁺在实际水样，结果令人满意。此外，RS-CQDs 在油介质中表现出明亮的红色发射，相对于水介质荧光增加 9.7 倍，使其成为用于特异性染色脂质的免洗探针。与商用脂质标记物BODIPY 493/503相比，基于RS -CQDs的探针具有发射时间更长、斯托克斯位移更大、光稳定性更好等显着优势，确保基于RS -CQDs的标记物能够实现实时和清洗- 对活细胞、肝组织、斑马鱼胚胎和斑马鱼幼体中的脂质进行免费监测和成像。本研究通过证明RS -CQDs 作为水和 Sn ⁴⁺荧光探针的可行性，为金属掺杂 CQDs 的发展提供了一个新的研究方向RS -CQDs 作为脂质成像荧光标记物的检测和效率。