Capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) with cationic electrophoretic mobilization induced via replacing the catholyte with the anolyte or a solution of another acid or amino acid was investigated by computer simulation for a wide range pH gradient bracketed between two amphoteric spacers and short electrode vials with a higher id than the capillary. Dynamic simulations provide insight into the complexity of the mobilizing process in a hitherto inaccessible way. The electrophoretic mobilizing process begins with the penetration of the mobilizing compound through the entire capillary, is followed by a gradual or steplike decrease of pH, and ends in an environment with a non-homogenous solution of the mobilizer. Analytes do not necessarily pass the point of detection in the order of decreasing pI values. Cationic mobilization encompasses an inherent zone dispersing and refocusing process toward the capillary end. This behavior is rather strong with phosphoric acid and citric acid, moderate with aspartic acid, glutamic acid (GLU), formic acid, and acetic acid and less pronounced in the absence of the cathodic spacer. The data reveal that optical detectors should not be placed before 90% of capillary length. Aspartic acid, GLU, formic acid, and acetic acid provide an environment with a continuously decreasing pH that explains their successful use in optimized two-step CIEF protocols.

中文翻译：

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通过计算机模拟评估弱酸或酸性两性电解质作为阴极电解液在毛细管等电聚焦中的电泳动员

毛细管等电聚焦 (CIEF) 与阳离子电泳动员通过用阳极电解液或另一种酸或氨基酸溶液代替阴极电解液诱导，通过计算机模拟研究了两个两性间隔物和短电极小瓶之间的宽范围 pH 梯度，具有更高的id 比毛细管。动态模拟以前所未有的方式提供了对动员过程复杂性的洞察力。电泳迁移过程开始于迁移化合物渗透整个毛细管，随后 pH 逐渐或逐步降低，并在迁移剂溶液不均匀的环境中结束。分析物不一定按 p I递减的顺序通过检测点值。阳离子流动包括一个固有的区域分散和重新聚焦到毛细管端的过程。这种行为在磷酸和柠檬酸中相当强烈，在天冬氨酸、谷氨酸 (GLU)、甲酸和乙酸中中等，在没有阴极间隔物的情况下不太明显。数据表明，光学检测器不应放置在毛细管长度的 90% 之前。天冬氨酸、GLU、甲酸和乙酸提供了一个 pH 值不断降低的环境，这解释了它们在优化的两步 CIEF 协议中的成功应用。