Developmental theories suggest affect-biased attention, preferential attention to emotionally salient stimuli, emerges during infancy through coordinating individual differences. Here we examined bidirectional relations between infant affect-biased attention, temperamental negative affect, and maternal anxiety symptoms using a Random Intercepts Cross-Lagged Panel model (RI-CLPM). Infant-mother pairs from Central Pennsylvania and Northern New Jersey (N = 342; 52% White; 50% reported as assigned female at birth) participated when infants were 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months of age. Infants completed the overlap task while eye-tracking data were collected. Mothers reported their infant's negative affect and their own anxiety symptoms. In an RI-CLPM, after accounting for between-person variance (random intercepts representing the latent average of a construct), it is possible to assess within-person variance (individual deviations from the latent average of a construct). Positive relations represent stability in constructs (smaller within-person deviations). Negative relations represent fluctuation in constructs (larger within-person deviations). At the between-person level (random intercepts), mothers with greater anxiety symptoms had infants with greater affect-biased attention. However, at the within-person level (deviations), greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety symptoms at 12- and 18 months prospectively related to greater stability in attention to angry facial configurations. Additionally, greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety symptoms at 18 months prospectively related to greater stability in attention to happy facial configurations. Finally, greater fluctuation in maternal anxiety symptoms at 4- and 12 months prospectively related to greater stability in infant negative affect. These results suggest that environmental uncertainty, linked to fluctuating maternal anxiety, may shape early socioemotional development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

评估出生后 24 个月内婴儿气质负面情绪、母亲焦虑症状和婴儿情绪偏向注意力之间的双向关系。


发展理论认为，情感偏向的注意力，即对情感上显着刺激的优先关注，是在婴儿期通过协调个体差异而出现的。在这里，我们使用随机拦截交叉滞后面板模型（RI-CLPM）检查了婴儿情感偏向注意力、气质负面情感和母亲焦虑症状之间的双向关系。来自宾夕法尼亚州中部和新泽西州北部的婴儿-母亲对（N = 342；52% 为白人；50% 报道称出生时指定为女性）在婴儿 4、8、12、18 和 24 个月大时参与。婴儿完成重叠任务，同时收集眼动追踪数据。母亲们报告了婴儿的负面影响和她们自己的焦虑症状。在 RI-CLPM 中，在考虑人与人之间的方差（代表构造的潜在平均值的随机截距）之后，可以评估人内方差（与构造的潜在平均值的个体偏差）。正关系代表结构的稳定性（较小的人内偏差）。负关系代表结构的波动（较大的人内偏差）。在人与人之间的水平上（随机截取），焦虑症状较严重的母亲所生的婴儿具有较高的情感偏向性关注。然而，在人际层面（偏差），12 个月和 18 个月时产妇焦虑症状的较大波动可能与对愤怒面部表情的注意力更加稳定有关。此外，18 个月时母亲焦虑症状的较大波动可能与对快乐面部表情的注意力更加稳定有关。 最后，4 个月和 12 个月时母亲焦虑症状的更大波动可能与婴儿负面情绪的更大稳定性相关。这些结果表明，与母亲焦虑波动相关的环境不确定性可能会影响早期社会情绪的发展。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。