Current conceptualisations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are driven by biological, learning, and cognitive models that have shaped current treatments of the disorder. The strong influence of these models has resulted in a relative neglect of social mechanisms that can influence traumatic stress. There is abundant evidence from experimental, observational, and clinical studies that social factors can moderate many of the mechanisms articulated in prevailing models of PTSD. In this review it is proposed that attachment theory provides a useful framework to complement existing models of PTSD because it provides explanatory value for social factors can interact with biological, learning, and cognitive processes that shape traumatic stress response. The review provides an overview of attachment theory in the context of traumatic stress, outlines the evidence for how attachment factors can moderate stress responses and PTSD, and considers how harnessing attachment processes may augment recovery from and treatment of PTSD. This review emphasizes that rather than conceptualizing attachment theory as an independent theory of traumatic stress, there is much to gain by integrating attachment mechanisms into existing models of PTSD to accommodate the interactions between cognitive, biological, and attachment processes.

当前创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的概念化是由影响当前该疾病治疗的生物学、学习和认知模型驱动的。这些模型的强大影响导致人们相对忽视了可能影响创伤性应激的社会机制。来自实验、观察和临床研究的大量证据表明，社会因素可以调节流行的 PTSD 模型中阐明的许多机制。在这篇综述中，有人提出依恋理论提供了一个有用的框架来补充现有的 PTSD 模型，因为它为社会因素提供了解释价值，这些社会因素可以与塑造创伤应激反应的生物、学习和认知过程相互作用。该评论概述了创伤性压力背景下的依恋理论，概述了依恋因素如何缓和压力反应和 PTSD 的证据，并考虑了利用依恋过程如何促进 PTSD 的恢复和治疗。这篇综述强调，与其将依恋理论概念化为一种独立的创伤应激理论，不如将依恋机制整合到现有的 PTSD 模型中，以适应认知、生物和依恋过程之间的相互作用，从而获得更多收益。