Despite the great potential of nano-alloying anodes to prominently increase the electrochemical performance in sodium ions batteries, the low-cost and mass-produced methods, as well as the optimization design of alloy-based composites are still needed. Herein, a simple but effective electrospinning method is used to fabricate Sb/P@C composite nanospheres with adjustable P, Sb ratio and uniform morphology. It is found that the amount of Sb inside the Sb/P@C composite and the porous structure can be readily modulated. It is worth noting that the improved electrochemical performance of the Sb/P@C anodes can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Na⁺ ions storage and superior charge transfer in the fabricated composite with reciprocally inlaid Sb/P and C that inhibiting the aggregation of nanospheres. Particularly, the mosaic distribution of Sb/P nanospheres in the carbon matrix not only accelerate the ions and electrons transfer but also serve as the buffer for alleviating the volumetric variation. Importantly, a high capacity of 350 mAh g⁻¹ can be achieved even rising current density to 500 mA g⁻¹, indicating great potential for high rate sodium ions anodes. The tactics of this work should be general to other alloy-type systems, such as Sn, Bi et al., which also suffer from severe volume expansion causing electrode performance degradation.

尽管纳米合金负极在显着提高钠离子电池的电化学性能方面具有巨大潜力，但仍需要低成本和大规模生产的方法，以及合金基复合材料的优化设计。在此，一种简单而有效的静电纺丝方法被用来制造具有可调节的 P、Sb 比和均匀形貌的 Sb/P@C 复合纳米球。发现可以很容易地调节 Sb/P@C 复合材料和多孔结构中 Sb 的含量。值得注意的是，Sb/P@C 负极电化学性能的改善可归因于 Na ^{+的协同作用}制造的复合材料中的离子存储和优异的电荷转移，相互镶嵌的 Sb/P 和 C 抑制了纳米球的聚集。特别是，Sb/P纳米球在碳基体中的镶嵌分布不仅加速了离子和电子的转移，而且还起到了减轻体积变化的缓冲作用。重要的是，即使将电流密度提高到 500 mA g ^-1也可以实现350 mAh g ^-1的高容量，这表明高速率钠离子阳极的巨大潜力。这项工作的策略应该适用于其他合金类型的系统，例如 Sn、Bi 等，它们也遭受严重的体积膨胀导致电极性能下降。