Ammunition wastewater contains toxic nitrated explosives like RDX and oxyanions like nitrate and perchlorate. Its treatment is challenged by low efficiency due to contaminant recalcitrance and high cost due to multiple processes needed for separately removing different contaminant types. This paper reports a H₂-based low-energy strategy featuring the treatment of explosives via catalytic denitration followed by microbial mineralization coupled with oxyanion reduction. After a nitrate- and perchlorate-reducing biofilm incapable of RDX biodegradation was coated with palladium nanoparticles (Pd⁰NPs), RDX was rapidly denitrated with a specific catalytic activity of 8.7 g_cat^–1 min^–1, while biological reductions of nitrate and perchlorate remained efficient. In the subsequent 30-day continuous test, >99% of RDX, nitrate, and perchlorate were coremoved, and their effluent concentrations were below their respective regulation levels. Detected intermediates and shallow metagenome analysis suggest that the intermediates after Pd-catalytic denitration of RDX ultimately were enzymatically utilized by the nitrate- and perchlorate-reducing bacteria as additional electron donor sources.

中文翻译：

---

通过催化和酶促破坏的原位耦合去除能量和氧离子：弹药废水处理的解决方案

弹药废水含有有毒的硝化炸药（如 RDX）和氧阴离子（如硝酸盐和高氯酸盐）。由于污染物的顽固性，其处理效率低，而单独去除不同污染物类型需要多个过程，因此成本高。本文报道了一种基于 H ₂的低能策略，其特点是通过催化脱硝处理炸药，然后进行微生物矿化和氧阴离子还原。在不能进行 RDX 生物降解的硝酸盐和高氯酸盐还原生物膜上涂上钯纳米颗粒 (Pd ⁰ NPs) 后，RDX 被快速脱硝，催化活性为 8.7 g _cat ^–1 min ^–1，而硝酸盐和高氯酸盐的生物还原仍然有效。在随后的30天连续测试中，>99%的黑索金、硝酸盐和高氯酸盐被核心去除，其出水浓度均低于各自的规定水平。检测到的中间体和浅层宏基因组分析表明，RDX 的 Pd 催化脱硝后的中间体最终被硝酸盐和高氯酸盐还原菌酶促利用作为额外的电子供体来源。