Sparsely populated areas tend to be poorly served by Fixed Line and Schedule (FLS) public transport systems as the operation of a regular bus line is not economically viable for such areas. Therefore, introducing a Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) to partially replace FLS can result in increasing mobility service accessibility and inclusion. In this paper, a mixed-integer linear problem (MILP) is proposed to design an integrated FLS and DRT network for a transport operator. Passengers behavior is implicitly incorporated in our proposed approach via a discrete choice model. In addition, a tailored Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) coupled with tabu search and simulated annealing are introduced. We test our algorithm on real instances from a public transport operator in the Netherlands. The proposed algorithm can solve the problem up to 170 times faster than the MILP within 4% to 10% gap. Our proposed resolution approach investigates the temporal and spatial feasibility of deploying these integrated mobility systems based on the service level and provides recommendations to public transport operators.

人口稀少的地区往往无法通过固定线路和时间表 (FLS) 公共交通系统提供服务，因为常规公交线路的运营对于这些地区在经济上不可行。因此，引入需求响应传输 (DRT) 以部分取代 FLS 可以提高移动服务的可访问性和包容性。在本文中，提出了混合整数线性问题 (MILP) 来为运输运营商设计集成的 FLS 和 DRT 网络。乘客行为通过离散选择模型隐含地纳入我们提出的方法中。此外，引入了定制的自适应大邻域搜索 (ALNS) 以及禁忌搜索和模拟退火。我们在荷兰一家公共交通运营商的真实实例上测试了我们的算法。所提出的算法解决问题的速度比 MILP 快 170 倍，差距在 4% 到 10% 之间。我们提出的解决方案调查了基于服务水平部署这些集成移动系统的时间和空间可行性，并向公共交通运营商提供建议。