Vibration energy harvesting is a promising approach to provide wireless sensors and portable electronics with sustainable power by converting ambient kinetic energy into expected electrical energy. As one of the most fundamental mechanical oscillators, pendulums are restored by gravity rather than elastic elements and have drawn a number of research interests in developing vibration energy harvesters in recent years due to their simple and reliable structures. This paper comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art progress of the pendulum-based energy harvesting. The pendulum mechanisms for energy harvesting such as single-pendulum configurations, multi-pendulum configurations, and pendulums with modulation mechanisms are elaborated and discussed. The integrations of electromagnetic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and hybrid transducers are characterized and compared. The applications of the pendulums in harvesting energy from ocean wave, vehicle motion, human motion, structural vibration, and flow-induced vibration are reviewed. Finally, the challenging issues and future trends of this technology are summarized based on the progress to date.

振动能量收集是一种很有前途的方法，通过将环境动能转化为预期的电能，为无线传感器和便携式电子设备提供可持续的电力。摆作为最基本的机械振荡器之一，通过重力而不是弹性元件恢复，并且由于其结构简单可靠，近年来在开发振动能量收集器方面引起了许多研究兴趣。本文全面回顾了基于摆的能量收集的最新进展。详细阐述和讨论了用于能量收集的摆机构，例如单摆配置、多摆配置和具有调制机制的摆。电磁、压电、摩擦电的集成，和混合换能器的特点和比较。回顾了摆在从海浪、车辆运动、人体运动、结构振动和流动引起的振动中收集能量的应用。最后，根据迄今为止的进展总结了该技术面临的挑战和未来趋势。