Alcohol and sexual arousal are contextual determinants of condomless sex. Dual-process theory postulates that two types of cognitive processing contribute to the regulation of behavior: one that is fast, intuitive and automatic, and another that is slower and deliberative. This study applied a dual-process model to investigate condomless sexual behavior, highlighting the potential importance of implicit attitudes in condomless sex. We investigated whether the impact of alcohol and sexual arousal on condom use-related attitudes and intentions was explained by diminished working memory capacity, as dual-process models suggest. We also investigated whether this effect could be explained by implicit and explicit attitudes toward condom use. Male participants (N = 30) were randomized using a 2 × 2 within-subjects design that manipulated alcohol intoxication (placebo vs. alcohol beverages) and sexual arousal (neutral vs. erotic movie clips). We measured participants’ working memory capacity, intentions to use a condom, and explicit and implicit attitudes toward condom use. Significant main effects of alcohol intoxication and sexual arousal on working memory capacity were found. No significant interaction was found for the combined effect of alcohol intoxication and sexual arousal on intentions to use a condom. There was no significant effect of implicit attitudes on intentions to use a condom, although a trend toward significance (p = 0.06) was found for the effect of implicit attitudes on intentions to use a condom when participants were in a state of alcohol intoxication. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.

酒精和性唤起是无套性行为的背景决定因素。双过程理论假设有两种类型的认知处理有助于行为调节：一种是快速、直观和自动的，另一种是较慢和深思熟虑的。本研究应用双过程模型来调查无套性行为，强调了无套性行为中隐含态度的潜在重要性。我们研究了酒精和性唤起对安全套使用相关态度和意图的影响是否可以通过工作记忆能力下降来解释，正如双过程模型所表明的那样。我们还调查了这种效应是否可以通过对安全套使用的隐性和显性态度来解释。男性参与者（N = 30）使用 2 × 2 受试者内设计随机化，该设计控制酒精中毒（安慰剂与酒精饮料）和性唤起（中性与色情电影剪辑）。我们测量了参与者的工作记忆能力、使用安全套的意图以及对使用安全套的明确和隐含的态度。研究发现酒精中毒和性唤起对工作记忆能力有显着的影响。没有发现酒精中毒和性唤起对使用安全套意图的综合影响存在显着的相互作用。内隐态度对使用安全套的意图没有显着影响，尽管有显着的趋势（p = 0.06）发现当参与者处于酒精中毒状态时，内隐态度对使用安全套意图的影响。讨论了本研究的理论和实践意义。