Theory of radio-frequency pulses on periodically driven three-level systems: challenges and perspectives,Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

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Theory of radio-frequency pulses on periodically driven three-level systems: challenges and perspectives
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-28 , DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03906k
Mohit Bansal ₁ , Ramesh Ramachandran ₁

Affiliation

Understanding the evolution of nuclear spins subjected to radio-frequency (RF) pulses in periodically driven multi-level systems has remained a challenging problem in magnetic resonance. Here in this report, we focus on a formal description of the excitation of double-quantum (DQ) transitions in three-level systems. Through generalized time-propagators derived from Floquet theory, the excitation during a pulse at non-stroboscopic time intervals is analysed through expressions invoking the density operator formalism. In contrast to numerical simulations, the analytical expressions provide insights into the excitation phenomenon as well as facilitating the faster optimization of experiments and quantification of experimental data. Through rigorous comparison with simulations, the suitability and convergence criteria in the analytical methods are examined over a wide range of parameters (both internal and external) with appropriate examples.

中文翻译：

周期驱动三能级系统射频脉冲理论：挑战与展望

了解在周期性驱动的多级系统中受射频 (RF) 脉冲影响的核自旋的演变仍然是磁共振中的一个具有挑战性的问题。在本报告中，我们专注于对三能级系统中双量子 (DQ) 跃迁激发的正式描述。通过源自 Floquet 理论的广义时间传播子，通过调用密度算子形式主义的表达式分析非频闪时间间隔的脉冲期间的激励。与数值模拟相比，解析表达式提供了对激发现象的洞察力，并有助于更快地优化实验和量化实验数据。通过与模拟的严格比较，

更新日期：2022-11-28

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