Obesity is a major global health issue and a primary risk factor for metabolic-related disorders. While physical inactivity is one of the main contributors to obesity, it is a modifiable risk factor with exercise training as an established non-pharmacological treatment to prevent the onset of metabolic-related disorders, including obesity. Exposure to hypoxia via normobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude via reduced inspired oxygen fraction), termed hypoxic conditioning, in combination with exercise has been increasingly shown in the last decade to enhance blood glucose regulation and decrease the body mass index, providing a feasible strategy to treat obesity. However, there is no current consensus in the literature regarding the optimal combination of exercise variables such as the mode, duration, and intensity of exercise, as well as the level of hypoxia to maximize fat loss and overall body compositional changes with hypoxic conditioning. In this narrative review, we discuss the effects of such diverse exercise and hypoxic variables on the systematic and myocellular mechanisms, along with physiological responses, implicated in the development of obesity. These include markers of appetite regulation and inflammation, body conformational changes, and blood glucose regulation. As such, we consolidate findings from human studies to provide greater clarity for implementing hypoxic conditioning with exercise as a safe, practical, and effective treatment strategy for obesity.

肥胖是一个主要的全球健康问题，也是代谢相关疾病的主要危险因素。虽然身体活动不足是导致肥胖的主要原因之一，但它是一个可改变的风险因素，运动训练作为一种既定的非药物治疗来预防代谢相关疾病（包括肥胖）的发作。通过常压缺氧（通过降低吸入氧分数模拟高度）暴露于缺氧，称为缺氧调节，在过去十年中越来越多地显示出增强血糖调节和降低体重指数，提供可行的治疗策略肥胖。然而，目前文献中没有关于运动变量（如运动方式、持续时间和强度）的最佳组合的共识，以及缺氧水平，以最大限度地减少脂肪和缺氧条件下的整体身体成分变化。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们讨论了这种多样化的运动和缺氧变量对系统和肌细胞机制的影响，以及与肥胖发展有关的生理反应。这些包括食欲调节和炎症、身体构象变化和血糖调节的标志物。因此，我们整合了人类研究的结果，以更清楚地说明通过运动实施低氧调节作为一种安全、实用和有效的肥胖治疗策略。我们讨论了这种多样化的运动和缺氧变量对系统和肌细胞机制的影响，以及与肥胖发展有关的生理反应。这些包括食欲调节和炎症、身体构象变化和血糖调节的标志物。因此，我们整合了人类研究的结果，以更清楚地说明通过运动实施低氧调节作为一种安全、实用和有效的肥胖治疗策略。我们讨论了这种多样化的运动和缺氧变量对系统和肌细胞机制的影响，以及与肥胖发展有关的生理反应。这些包括食欲调节和炎症、身体构象变化和血糖调节的标志物。因此，我们整合了人类研究的结果，以更清楚地说明通过运动实施低氧调节作为一种安全、实用和有效的肥胖治疗策略。