Demonstrated to be highly effective for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, deep eutectic solvent (DES) has attracted increasing attention owing to its advantages of simple synthesis, relatively low chemical cost, and better biocompatibility as compared to certain ionic liquids. Here we provide a critical review of the status of the design/selection of DES for the pretreatment of biomass feedstocks with an emphasis on the process intensification strategies: 1) integration of microwave, ultrasound, and high solid extrusion for pretreating biomass, 2) one-pot DES pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation, 3) strategies for DES recycling and product recovery; and 4) recent progress on molecular simulations toward understanding the interactions between DES and biomass compounds such as lignin and cellulose. Lastly, we provide perspectives toward cost-effective, continuous, high-solid, environmental-benign, and industrial-relevant applications and point to future research directions to address the challenges associated with DES pretreatment.

低共熔溶剂 (DES) 被证明对木质纤维素生物质预处理非常有效，由于其合成简单、化学成本相对较低以及与某些离子液体相比具有更好的生物相容性等优点而受到越来越多的关注。在这里，我们对用于生物质原料预处理的 DES 的设计/选择状态进行了批判性回顾，重点是过程强化策略：1) 微波、超声波和高固体挤压的集成用于预处理生物质，2) 一个-罐式DES预处理、酶解和发酵，3）DES回收和产品回收策略；4）分子模拟的最新进展，以了解 DES 与生物质化合物（如木质素和纤维素）之间的相互作用。最后，