Reducing lead (Pb) exposure via oral ingestion of contaminated soils is highly relevant for child health. Elevating dietary micronutrient iron (Fe) intake can reduce Pb oral bioavailability while being beneficial for child nutritional health. However, the practical performance of various Fe compounds was not assessed. Here, based on mouse bioassays, ten Fe compounds applied to diets (100–800 mg Fe kg^–1) reduced Pb oral relative bioavailability (RBA) in two soils variedly depending on Fe forms. EDTA-FeNa was most efficient, which reduced Pb-RBA in a soil from 79.5 ± 14.7% to 23.1 ± 2.72% (71% lower) at 100 mg Fe kg^–1 in diet, more effective than other 9 compounds at equivalent or higher doses (3.6–68% lower). When EDTA-FeNa, ferrous gluconate, ferric citrate, and ferrous bisglycinate were supplemented, Fe-Pb co-precipitation was not observed in the intestinal tract. EDTA-FeNa, ferrous gluconate, ferric citrate, and ferrous sulfate suppressed duodenal divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)mRNA relative expression similarly (27–68% lower). In comparison, among ten compounds, EDTA-FeNa elevated Fe concentrations in mouse liver, kidney, and blood (1.50–2.69-fold higher) most efficiently, suggesting the most efficient Fe absorption that competed with Pb. In addition, EDTA was unique from other organic ligands, ingestion of which caused 12.0-fold higher Pb urinary excretion, decreasing Pb concentrations in mouse liver, kidney, and blood by 68–88%. The two processes (Fe-Pb absorption competition and Pb urinary excretion with EDTA) interacted synergistically, leading to the lowest Pb absorption with EDTA-FeNa. The results provide evidence of a better inhibition of Pb absorption by EDTA-FeNa, highlighting that EDTA-FeNa may be the most appropriate supplement for intervention on human Pb exposure. Future researches are needed to assess the effectiveness of EDTA-FeNa for intervention on human Pb exposure.

通过口服摄入受污染的土壤来减少铅 (Pb) 暴露与儿童健康高度相关。提高膳食微量营养素铁 (Fe) 的摄入量可以降低铅的口服生物利用度，同时有益于儿童营养健康。但是，并未评估各种铁化合物的实际性能。此处，基于小鼠生物测定，将十种铁化合物应用于饮食 (100–800 mg Fe kg ^–1 ) 会降低两种土壤中铅的口服相对生物利用度 (RBA)，具体取决于铁的形式。^{EDTA-FeNa 是最有效的，它在 100 mg Fe kg –1}时将土壤中的 Pb-RBA 从 79.5 ± 14.7% 减少到 23.1 ± 2.72%（降低 71%）在饮食中，比同等或更高剂量的其他 9 种化合物更有效（低 3.6–68%）。当补充 EDTA-FeNa、葡萄糖酸亚铁、柠檬酸铁和双甘氨酸亚铁时，在肠道中未观察到 Fe-Pb 共沉淀。EDTA-FeNa、葡萄糖酸亚铁、柠檬酸铁和硫酸亚铁同样抑制十二指肠二价金属转运体 1 (DMT1) mRNA 的相对表达（降低 27-68%）。相比之下，在十种化合物中，EDTA-FeNa 最有效地提高了小鼠肝脏、肾脏和血液中的铁浓度（高出 1.50-2.69 倍），这表明与铅竞争的铁吸收效率最高。此外，EDTA 与其他有机配体不同，摄入后导致铅尿排泄量增加 12.0 倍，使小鼠肝脏、肾脏和血液中的铅浓度降低 68-88%。这两个过程（Fe-Pb 吸收竞争和铅尿排泄与 EDTA）协同相互作用，导致 EDTA-FeNa 的铅吸收最低。结果提供了 EDTA-FeNa 更好地抑制 Pb 吸收的证据，强调 EDTA-FeNa 可能是干预人类铅暴露的最合适的补充剂。未来的研究需要评估 EDTA-FeNa 干预人类铅暴露的有效性。