Landscape fire smoke enhances the association between fine particulate matter exposure and acute respiratory infection among children under 5 years of age: Findings of a case-crossover study for 48 low- and middle-income countries,Environment International

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Landscape fire smoke enhances the association between fine particulate matter exposure and acute respiratory infection among children under 5 years of age: Findings of a case-crossover study for 48 low- and middle-income countries
Environment International ( IF 10.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107665
Jiajianghui Li ₁ , Yutong Samuel Cai ₂ , Frank J Kelly ₃ , Martin J Wooster ₄ , Yiqun Han ₃ , Yixuan Zheng ₅ , Tianjia Guan ₆ , Pengfei Li ₁ , Tong Zhu ₇ , Tao Xue ₁

Affiliation

Background

Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) produced by landscape fires is thought to be more toxic than that from non-fire sources. However, the effects of “fire-sourced” PM_2.5 on acute respiratory infection (ARI) are unknown.

Methods

We combined Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 48 countries with gridded global estimates of PM_2.5 concentrations from 2003 to 2014. The proportions of fire-sourced PM_2.5 were assessed by a chemical transport model using a variety of PM_2.5 source data. We tested for associations between ARI and short-term exposure to fire- and “non-fire-sourced” PM_2.5 using a bidirectional case-crossover analysis. The robustness and homogeneity of the associations were examined by sensitivity analyses. We also established a nonlinear exposure–response relationship between fire- and non-fire-sourced PM_2.5 and ARI using a two-dimensional spline function.

Results

The study included 36,432 children under 5 years who reported ARI symptoms. Each 1 µg/m³ increment of fire-sourced PM_2.5 was associated with a 3.2 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.2, 6.2) increment in the risk of ARI. This effect was comparable to that of each ∼5 µg/m³ increment in PM_2.5 from non-fire sources (3.1 %; 95 % CI 2.4, 3.7). The association between ARI and total PM_2.5 concentration was significantly mediated by the proportion of fire-sourced particles. Nonlinear analysis showed that the risk of ARI was increased by both fire- and non-fire-sourced PM_2.5, but especially by the former.

Conclusions

PM_2.5 produced by landscape fire was more strongly associated to ARI among children under 5 years than that from non-fire sources.

中文翻译：

景观火灾烟雾增强了细颗粒物暴露与 5 岁以下儿童急性呼吸道感染之间的关联：针对 48 个低收入和中等收入国家的病例交叉研究的结果

背景

人们认为景观火灾产生的细颗粒物 (PM _2.5 ) 比非火源产生的细颗粒物毒性更大。然而，“火源”PM _2.5对急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 的影响尚不清楚。

方法

我们将 48 个国家的人口与健康调查 (DHS) 数据与 2003 年至 2014 年全球 PM _2.5浓度的网格估计值相结合。使用各种 PM _2.5源数据，通过化学品传输模型评估了火源 PM _2.5的比例。我们使用双向案例交叉分析测试了 ARI 与短期暴露于火源和“非火源”PM _2.5之间的关联。通过敏感性分析检查关联的稳健性和同质性。我们还使用二维样条函数建立了火源和非火源 PM _2.5与 ARI 之间的非线性暴露响应关系。

结果

该研究纳入了 36,432 名报告 ARI 症状的 5 岁以下儿童。火源 PM _2.5每增加 1 µg/m ^{3 ，} ARI 风险就会增加 3.2%（95% 置信区间 [CI] 0.2, 6.2）。这种效果与非火源 PM _2.5每增加约 5 µg/m ³的效果相当（3.1%；95% CI 2.4、3.7）。 ARI 与 PM _2.5总浓度之间的关联主要受火源颗粒比例的影响。非线性分析表明，火源和非火源 PM _2.5都会增加急性呼吸道感染的风险，但前者尤其明显。