Recent events in Ukraine led to a surge in refugee migration originating from within Europe not seen since WWII. Using global data on daily news coverage, this research highlights that during the 8 weeks before the outbreak of open hostilities, there was no change in the relative interaction frequency between societal stakeholders and refugees. This changed dramatically in the 8 weeks thereafter: In neighbouring countries, the share of news reporting interactions with refugees rose from next to nothing to between 5 and 13%. In the rest of Europe, this share increased to 1% or 2%. Beyond governments, an event-study reveals inter-governmental organisations, civil societies and businesses as major societal forces driving not just the public discourse but levels of support for refugees. Initially, business actors displayed the strongest responsiveness to individuals in need: They became 25% points more likely to engage in material cooperation with refugees. Gradually fading support from non-government actors suggests that prolonged humanitarian crises may require a continuous near-real-time monitoring system and the coordination of various stakeholders' contributions to ensure an efficient provision of aid.

中文翻译：

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对欧洲乌克兰难民移民社会反应的近实时分析

乌克兰最近发生的事件导致来自欧洲境内的难民移民激增，这是二战以来从未有过的。这项研究利用每日新闻报道的全球数据，强调在公开敌对行动爆发前的 8 周内，社会利益相关者与难民之间的相对互动频率没有变化。此后的 8 周内，情况发生了巨大变化：在邻国，新闻报道与难民互动的比例从几乎没有上升到 5% 至 13%。在欧洲其他地区，这一比例增加到 1% 或 2%。除了政府之外，一项事件研究表明，政府间组织、民间社会和企业是主要的社会力量，不仅推动了公众讨论，而且推动了对难民的支持水平。最初，商业行为者对有需要的个人表现出最强的反应：他们与难民进行物质合作的可能性增加了 25%。非政府行为体的支持逐渐减弱表明，长期的人道主义危机可能需要持续的近实时监测系统并协调各利益攸关方的贡献，以确保有效提供援助。