Nanomedicine embraces cancer radio-immunotherapy: mechanism, design, recent advances, and clinical translation,Chemical Society Reviews

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Nanomedicine embraces cancer radio-immunotherapy: mechanism, design, recent advances, and clinical translation
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-25 , DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00437b
Haonan Li ₁ , Qiang Luo ₁ , Hu Zhang ₂ , Xuelei Ma ₁ , Zhongwei Gu ₁ , Qiyong Gong _{1,

3} , Kui Luo _{1,

3}

Affiliation

Cancer radio-immunotherapy, integrating external/internal radiation therapy with immuno-oncology treatments, emerges in the current management of cancer. A growing number of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials have recently validated the synergistic antitumor effect of radio-immunotherapy, far beyond the “abscopal effect”, but it suffers from a low response rate and toxicity issues. To this end, nanomedicines with an optimized design have been introduced to improve cancer radio-immunotherapy. Specifically, these nanomedicines are elegantly prepared by incorporating tumor antigens, immuno- or radio-regulators, or biomarker-specific imaging agents into the corresponding optimized nanoformulations. Moreover, they contribute to inducing various biological effects, such as generating in situ vaccination, promoting immunogenic cell death, overcoming radiation resistance, reversing immunosuppression, as well as pre-stratifying patients and assessing therapeutic response or therapy-induced toxicity. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive landscape of nanomedicine-assisted radio-immunotherapy. The underlying working principles and the corresponding design strategies for these nanomedicines are elaborated by following the concept of “from bench to clinic”. Their state-of-the-art applications, concerns over their clinical translation, along with perspectives are covered.

中文翻译：

纳米医学拥抱癌症放射免疫疗法：机制、设计、最新进展和临床转化

癌症放射免疫疗法将外部/内部放射疗法与免疫肿瘤学治疗相结合，出现在当前的癌症管理中。最近越来越多的临床前研究和临床试验证实了放射免疫疗法的协同抗肿瘤作用，远远超出“远隔效应”，但存在反应率低和毒性问题。为此，已经引入了具有优化设计的纳米药物来改善癌症放射免疫治疗。具体而言，这些纳米药物是通过将肿瘤抗原、免疫或放射调节剂或生物标志物特异性成像剂纳入相应的优化纳米制剂中而精心制备的。此外，它们有助于诱导各种生物效应，例如原位生成疫苗接种、促进免疫原性细胞死亡、克服辐射抗性、逆转免疫抑制，以及对患者进行预分层和评估治疗反应或治疗诱导的毒性。总的来说，这篇综述旨在提供纳米医学辅助放射免疫治疗的全面概况。遵循“从实验室到临床”的概念，阐述了这些纳米药物的基本工作原理和相应的设计策略。涵盖了他们最先进的应用、对其临床转化的关注以及观点。

更新日期：2022-11-25

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