Background

Many youth in out-of-home care (OOHC) have experienced victimization in their lifetime making them vulnerable to mental health problems and further victimization. However, little is known about mechanisms behind this continuing victimization, e.g. in the form of bullying victimization, and about possible mediating and moderating factors.

Objective

This study examined the association between lifetime poly-victimization and later bullying victimization, as well as mediation by internalizing problems, and moderation by OOHC.

Participants and setting

In total n = 226 youth (n = 117 OOHC, n = 109 biological families) participated, with one of their social/biological caregivers when possible, resulting in subsamples of n = 159 participants (11–21 years) for self-report, and n = 210 participants (8–21 years) for caregiver report.

Methods

An online survey assessed self-report of bullying victimization in the past six months, as well as self-report and caregiver report of lifetime poly-victimization and internalizing problems.

Results

Based on both self-report and caregiver report, youth in OOHC showed higher levels of poly-victimization and internalizing problems than youth in biological families. In self-report, a conditional direct effect of lifetime poly-victimization on bullying victimization was found for youth in OOHC, c′ = 0.18, SE = 0.07, p = .007, while the association was mediated by internalizing problems for youth in biological families, ab = 0.13, 95 % CI [0.020; 10.805]. In the caregiver report, there was neither a direct nor a mediated effect of lifetime poly-victimization on bullying victimization.

Conclusions

The results stress the importance of considering the high impact of poly-victimization in predicting bullying victimization, particularly for youth in OOHC. For youth in biological families, a mediating effect of internalizing problems was found.

中文翻译：

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终生多重受害和后来的欺凌受害：与内化问题和家庭外护理的关联

背景

许多接受家庭外护理 (OOHC) 的年轻人一生中都曾受害，这使他们容易出现心理健康问题并进一步受害。然而，人们对这种持续受害背后的机制知之甚少，例如以欺凌受害的形式，以及可能的调解和调节因素。

客观的

本研究调查了终生多重受害与后来的欺凌受害之间的关联，以及通过内化问题进行调解，以及通过 OOHC 进行缓和。

参与者和设置

总共有n  = 226 名青年（n  = 117 OOHC，n  = 109 个亲生家庭）参加，可能的话还有他们的一名社会/生物照顾者，导致n  = 159 名参与者（11-21 岁）的子样本用于自我报告， n = 210 名参与者（8-21 岁）用于看护者报告。

方法

一项在线调查评估了过去六个月中欺凌受害的自我报告，以及关于终生多重受害和内化问题的自我报告和照顾者报告。

结果

根据自我报告和照顾者报告，与亲生家庭中的青年相比，OOHC 中的青年表现出更高水平的多重受害和内化问题。在自我报告中，在 OOHC 中发现了终生多重受害对欺凌受害的条件性直接影响，c'  = 0.18，SE  = 0.07，p  = .007，而这种关联是通过生物学中青年的内化问题来调节的家庭，ab  = 0.13，95% CI [0.020；10.805]。在看护者报告中，终身多重受害对欺凌受害既没有直接影响也没有中介影响。

结论

The results stress the importance of considering the high impact of poly-victimization in predicting bullying victimization, particularly for youth in OOHC. For youth in biological families, a mediating effect of internalizing problems was found.