Clean water demand has significantly increased due to the rise in the global population. However, most water on the Earth has high saline content that cannot be consumed directly; only about one over forty of the total water source is freshwater. Desalinated water is one of the potential solutions to meet the growing demand for freshwater, which is highly energy intensive. This paper analyses the energy, economic and environmental performance of a 5 m³/day PV (photovoltaic) powered reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system. Three scenarios of PV-RO with and without battery storage and diesel generator hybrid systems have been analyzed and investigated for the annual estimate load, net present value, and payback period of the water and electricity production costs. Also, the CO₂ avoidance over the lifetime operation of all scearios is evaluated. This study shows that the PV-RO system without battery with 6.3 kW PV panels installed and with a 2-days water storage tank system is the most profitable economically f. For this scenario, the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), Levelized Cost of Water (LCOW), and Payback Period (PBP) are found to be $0.154/kWh, $0.627/m^3, and five years, respectively. In addition, for this scenario, the CO₂ emissions avoidance was the maximum (111,690 kg.CO₂eq per year) compared to other scenarios.

由于全球人口的增加，清洁水的需求显着增加。然而，地球上的大部分水含盐量都很高，不能直接饮用；总水源中只有约四十分之一是淡水。淡化水是满足日益增长的能源密集型淡水需求的潜在解决方案之一。本文分析了 5 m ³ /天 PV（光伏）供电的反渗透 (RO) 海水淡化系统的能源、经济和环境性能。对具有和不具有电池存储和柴油发电机混合系统的 PV-RO 的三种情况进行了分析和调查，用于水和电力生产成本的年度估计负荷、净现值和投资回收期。此外，CO ₂对所有 scearios 的整个生命周期操作的避免进行了评估。该研究表明，安装 6.3 kW 光伏面板且配备 2 天储水罐系统的无电池 PV-RO 系统在经济上是最有利可图的 f。对于这种情况，平准化电力成本 (LCOE)、平准化水成本 (LCOW) 和投资回收期 (PBP) 分别为 0.154 美元/kWh、0.627 美元/m ³和五年。此外，对于该情景，与其他情景相比，CO ₂减排量最大（每年111,690 kg.CO ₂ eq）。