Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious injury to the central nervous system that causes significant physical and psychological trauma to the patient. SCI includes primary spinal cord injuries and secondary spinal cord injuries. The secondary injury refers to the pathological process or reaction after the primary injury. Although SCI has always been thought to be an incurable injury, the human nerve has the ability to repair itself after an injury. However, the reparability is limited because glial scar formation impedes functional recovery. There is a type of astrocyte that can differentiate into two forms of reactive astrocytes known as ‘A1’ and ‘A2’ astrocytes. A1 astrocytes release cytotoxic chemicals that cause neurons and oligodendrocytes to die and perform a harmful role. A2 astrocytes can produce neurotrophic factors and act as neuroprotectors. This article discusses ways to block A1 astrocytes while stimulating A2 astrocytes to formulate a new treatment for spinal cord injury.

脊髓损伤 (SCI) 是一种严重的中枢神经系统损伤，会对患者造成严重的身体和心理创伤。SCI包括原发性脊髓损伤和继发性脊髓损伤。继发性损伤是指原发性损伤后的病理过程或反应。虽然SCI一直被认为是不治之症，但人的神经在受伤后是有自我修复能力的。然而，可修复性是有限的，因为神经胶质瘢痕形成阻碍了功能恢复。有一种星形胶质细胞可以分化成两种形式的反应性星形胶质细胞，称为“A1”和“A2”星形胶质细胞。A1 星形胶质细胞释放细胞毒性化学物质，导致神经元和少突胶质细胞死亡并发挥有害作用。A2 星形胶质细胞可以产生神经营养因子并充当神经保护剂。本文讨论了在刺激 A2 星形胶质细胞的同时阻断 A1 星形胶质细胞的方法，以制定一种新的脊髓损伤治疗方法。