ABSTRACT

Association football is popular and influential globally. Interest in how football relates to climate change, and the climate policy required for football, is growing. Clubs, players and fans increasingly call for action to reduce football’s impact on the climate, and for plans to adapt to climate impacts on football. However, well-intentioned actions must be underpinned by robust evidence. This synthesis reviews research at the interface of football and climate change. After summarizing the main climate actions identified for fans, players, clubs and organizing bodies, the review looks in-depth at four areas: impacts of football on climate; impacts of climate on football; football as a driver for pro-climate actions; and the relationship between football and carbon-intensive industries. The review then outlines research gaps for an evidence-driven response to climate change in football: adaptation across different geographical contexts; understanding what climate change means for community-level football; understanding how carbon-intensive industries relate to sense of place identity in football under a just transition; developing principles for phasing-out fossil fuel financing; and considering how climate change relates to women’s football.

Key policy insights

• Football is a forum for galvanizing societal action in support of climate policy. However, football also contributes to, and is impacted by, climate change, and hence requires policy support under a changing climate;

• Reducing transportation emissions, especially flying, is a key climate policy requirement for football. Institutional policy, with government support, may enable more efficient scheduling and use of surface transport;

• Institutional policies, and public health policies, should develop standards and guidelines for football under extreme heat. Football also ought to be integrated within local, regional and national climate adaptation policy to ensure climate resilience;

• Clubs and players can lead by example on climate-positive actions, and energize wider action through fan bases. Alignment of initiatives with national or international climate policy may raise public awareness of climate polices and targets;

• Institutional policies for clubs, tournaments and associations should regulate fossil fuel financing. Football also offers an avenue to understand relations between local identity and carbon-intensive industries, and thus to identify socio-cultural factors for regional just transition policies.

摘要

英式足球在全球范围内广受欢迎并具有影响力。人们越来越关注足球与气候变化的关系，以及足球所需的气候政策。俱乐部、球员和球迷越来越多地呼吁采取行动减少足球对气候的影响，并制定适应气候对足球影响的计划。然而，善意的行动必须得到有力证据的支持。本综述回顾了足球与气候变化相关的研究。在总结了为球迷、球员、俱乐部和组织机构确定的主要气候行动之后，该审查深入探讨了四个领域：足球对气候的影响；气候对足球的影响；足球作为亲气候行动的驱动力；以及足球与碳密集型产业之间的关系。然后，审查概述了以证据为导向的足球气候变化应对研究差距：跨不同地理背景的适应；了解气候变化对社区足球意味着什么；了解碳密集型产业如何与公平转型下的足球场所认同感相关联；制定逐步淘汰化石燃料融资的原则；并考虑气候变化与女子足球的关系。

关键政策见解

• 足球是激发支持气候政策的社会行动的论坛。然而，足球也助长了气候变化，并受到气候变化的影响，因此需要在气候变化下提供政策支持；

• 减少交通排放，尤其是飞行，是足球的一项关键气候政策要求。在政府的支持下，制度政策可以提高地面运输的调度和使用效率；

• 机构政策和公共卫生政策应制定极端高温下足球的标准和指南。足球还应纳入地方、区域和国家气候适应政策，以确保气候适应能力；

• 俱乐部和球员可以在气候积极行动方面以身作则，并通过粉丝群激发更广泛的行动。使倡议与国家或国际气候政策保持一致可以提高公众对气候政策和目标的认识；

• 俱乐部、锦标赛和协会的制度政策应规范化石燃料融资。足球还提供了一个途径来了解当地身份和碳密集型产业之间的关系，从而确定区域公正转型政策的社会文化因素。