Exoplanets can be detected with various observational techniques. Among them, radial velocity (RV) has the key advantages of revealing the architecture of planetary systems and measuring planetary mass and orbital eccentricities. RV observations are poised to play a key role in the detection and characterization of Earth twins. However, the detection of such small planets is not yet possible due to very complex, temporally correlated instrumental and astrophysical stochastic signals. Furthermore, exploring the large parameter space of RV models exhaustively and efficiently presents difficulties. In this review, we frame RV data analysis as a problem of detection and parameter estimation in unevenly sampled, multivariate time series. The objective of this review is two-fold: to introduce the motivation, methodological challenges, and numerical challenges of RV data analysis to nonspecialists, and to unify the existing advanced approaches in order to identify areas for improvement.

中文翻译：

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径向速度系外行星探测的统计方法

系外行星可以通过各种观测技术来探测。其中，径向速度（RV）具有揭示行星系统结构、测量行星质量和轨道偏心率的关键优势。 RV 观测将在地球双胞胎的探测和表征中发挥关键作用。然而，由于非常复杂、时间相关的仪器和天体物理随机信号，目前还不可能探测到如此小的行星。此外，彻底有效地探索 RV 模型的大参数空间也存在困难。在这篇综述中，我们将 RV 数据分析视为不均匀采样、多元时间序列中的检测和参数估计问题。本次综述的目的有两个：向非专业人士介绍 RV 数据分析的动机、方法挑战和数值挑战，并统一现有的先进方法以确定需要改进的领域。