Epidemiological control and public health monitoring during the outbreaks of infectious viral diseases rely on the ability to detect viral pathogens. Here we demonstrate a rapid, sensitive, and selective nanotechnology-enhanced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection based on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) responses from the plasma-engineered, variant-specific antibody-functionalized silver microplasma-engineered nanoassemblies (AgMEN) interacting with the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. The three-dimensional (3D) porous AgMEN with plasmonic-active nanostructures provide a high sensitivity to virus detection via the remarkable SERS signal collection. Moreover, the variant-specific antibody-functionalization on the SERS-active AgMEN enabled the high selectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 S variants, including wild-type, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron, under the simulated human saliva conditions. The exceptional ultrahigh sensitivity of our SERS biosensor was demonstrated via SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins at the detection limit of 1 fg mL⁻¹ and 0.1 pg mL⁻¹, respectively. Our work demonstrates a versatile SERS-based detection platform can be applied for the ultrasensitive detection of virus variants, infectious diseases, and cancer biomarkers.

传染性病毒病暴发期间的流行病学控制和公共卫生监测依赖于检测病毒病原体的能力。在这里，我们展示了一种快速、灵敏和选择性的纳米技术增强的严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 检测，该检测基于等离子体工程变体特异性抗体的表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS) 响应-功能化的银微等离子体工程纳米组件 (AgMEN) 与 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白 (S) 和核衣壳 (N) 蛋白相互作用。具有等离子体活性纳米结构的三维 (3D) 多孔 AgMEN 通过卓越的 SERS 信号收集提供对病毒检测的高灵敏度。而且，SERS 活性 AgMEN 上的变体特异性抗体功能化使 SARS-CoV-2 S 变体在模拟人类唾液条件下具有高选择性，包​​括野生型、Alpha、Delta 和 Omicron。通过 SARS-CoV-2 S 和 N 蛋白在 1 fg mL 的检测限度下证明了我们的 SERS 生物传感器的超高灵敏度^分别为-1和 0.1 pg mL ^-1。我们的工作表明，基于 SERS 的多功能检测平台可用于病毒变体、传染病和癌症生物标志物的超灵敏检测。