LoRaWAN is an Internet of Things (IoT) technology with super usability due to its ability to support low-power and long-range communications. However, implementation and optimization require path-loss (PL) modeling to estimate network coverage and performance. In this context, the LoRaWAN radio channel is investigated for uplink and downlink in the 915-MHz band. Extensive measurement campaigns were conducted outdoors in suburban locations of Belém, specifically in the neighborhoods of Pedreira and Marco. Based on empirical results, PL models are developed for LoRaWAN communications in uplink and downlink are compared to widely used empirical models. In addition, coverage, shading regions, SNR analysis, and percentage received packets are based on real measurements. The results show that the proposed PL models are accurate, easy to implement, and applied in similar regions for LoRa network planning in suburban smart cities.

中文翻译：

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郊区环境中 LoRa 技术上下行信道的大规模建模和分析


LoRaWAN 是一种具有超级可用性的物联网 (IoT) 技术，因为它能够支持低功耗和远程通信。然而，实施和优化需要路径损耗（PL）建模来估计网络覆盖范围和性能。在此背景下，研究了 LoRaWAN 无线电信道在 915 MHz 频段的上行链路和下行链路。在贝伦郊区的户外进行了广泛的测量活动，特别是在佩德雷拉和马可附近。基于实证结果，我们为 LoRaWAN 通信的上行链路和下行链路开发了 PL 模型，并与广泛使用的实证模型进行了比较。此外，覆盖范围、阴影区域、SNR 分析和接收数据包百分比均基于实际测量。结果表明，所提出的 PL 模型准确、易于实现，适用于类似地区的郊区智慧城市 LoRa 网络规划。