To understand how COVID-19 changed grocery shopping and explore implications for transportation and environmental justice, we surveyed in May 2021 California members of KnowledgePanel®, the largest and oldest U.S. probability-based panel. We asked how frequently Californians grocery shopped before and during the pandemic, and how they may grocery shop afterward in-store, online with home delivery (“e-grocery”), or online with store/curbside pick-up (“click-and-pick”). We found that most Californians continued to grocery shop in-person during the pandemic, although less frequently than before. Many relied more on e-grocery (+8.9 %) and click-and-pick (+13.3 %), although older generations remained attached to in-store shopping. African American households grocery shopped in-store less than Whites pre-pandemic; post-pandemic, they may compensate with more e-grocery and click-and-pick. While higher levels of environmental injustice (based on CalEnviroScreen) were associated with less in-store shopping, we found no association with e-grocery or click-and-pick. Our results have implications for travel, food logistics, and parking management.

为了解 COVID-19 如何改变杂货店购物并探索对交通和环境正义的影响，我们于 2021 年 5 月对加利福尼亚州 KnowledgePanel® 的成员进行了调查，KnowledgePanel® 是美国规模最大、历史最悠久的基于概率的小组。我们询问了加州人在大流行之前和期间购买杂货的频率，以及之后他们如何在店内、在线送货上门（“电子杂货”）或在线商店/路边取货（“点击和-挑选”）。我们发现，大多数加州人在大流行期间继续亲自去杂货店购物，尽管频率比以前低了。许多人更多地依赖电子杂货 (+8.9 %) 和点击挑选 (+13.3 %)，尽管老一辈人仍然喜欢店内购物。非洲裔美国家庭在店内购物的次数少于大流行前的白人；大流行后，他们可能会通过更多的电子杂货和点击挑选来弥补。虽然较高水平的环境不公正（基于 CalEnviroScreen）与较少的店内购物有关，但我们发现与电子杂货或点击挑选无关。我们的结果对旅行、食品物流和停车管理有影响。