Hydrogen has gained attention as an alternative source of energy because of its non-polluting nature as on combustion it produces only water. Biological methods are eco-friendly and have benefits in waste management and hydrogen production simultaneously. The use of algal biomass as feedstock in dark fermentation is advantageous because of its low lignin content, high growth rate, and carbon-fixation ability. The major bottlenecks in biohydrogen production are its low productivity and high production costs. To overcome these issues, many advances in the area of biomass pretreatment to increase sugar release, understanding of algal biomass composition, and development of fermentation strategies for the complete recovery of nutrients are ongoing. Recently, mixed substrate fermentation, multistep fermentation, and the use of nanocatalysts to improve hydrogen production have increased. This review article evaluates the current progress in algal biomass pretreatment, key factors, and possible solutions for increasing hydrogen production.

氢气作为一种替代能源而受到关注，因为它燃烧时仅产生水，因此具有无污染性。生物方法是生态友好的，同时有利于废物管理和制氢。使用藻类生物质作为暗发酵原料具有低木质素含量、高生长速率和固碳能力等优势。生物制氢的主要瓶颈是生产率低和生产成本高。为了克服这些问题，在增加糖释放的生物质预处理领域、对藻类生物质组成的理解以及开发用于完全回收营养物的发酵策略方面的许多进展正在进行中。最近，混合底物发酵，多步发酵，以及使用纳米催化剂来提高氢气产量的情况有所增加。这篇评论文章评估了藻类生物质预处理的当前进展、关键因素以及增加氢气产量的可能解决方案。