Biorefineries integrate processes for the sustainable conversion of biomass into chemicals, materials, and bioenergy so that resources are optimized and effluents are minimized. Despite the vast potential of lignocellulosic biorefineries, their success depends heavily on effective, economically viable, and sustainable biomass fractionation. Although efficient, organosolv pretreatment still faces challenges that must be overcome for its widespread utilization, mainly related to solvent type and recycling, robustness regarding biomass type and integration of hemicellulose recovery and use. This review shows the recent advances and state-of-the-art of organosolv pretreatment, discussing the advances, such as the use of biobased solvents, whilst also shedding light on the perspectives of using the streams – cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin – to produce biofuels and products of high added value. In addition, it presents an overview of the existing industrial implementations of organosolv processes and, lastly, shows the main scientific and industrial challenges and opportunities for this process.

生物精炼厂将生物质可持续转化为化学品、材料和生物能源的过程整合在一起，从而优化资源并最大程度地减少排放物。尽管木质纤维素生物精炼厂具有巨大潜力，但它们的成功在很大程度上取决于有效、经济可行且可持续的生物质分馏。尽管高效，但有机溶剂预处理仍然面临着广泛应用必须克服的挑战，主要与溶剂类型和回收、生物质类型的稳健性以及半纤维素回收和使用的整合有关。这篇综述展示了有机溶剂预处理的最新进展和最先进的技术，讨论了这些进展，例如生物基溶剂的使用，同时也阐明了使用流的观点——纤维素、半纤维素、和木质素——生产生物燃料和高附加值产品。此外，它还概述了有机溶剂工艺的现有工业实施，最后展示了该工艺面临的主要科学和工业挑战和机遇。