In classical deterministic scheduling models, it is common to assume that each of the parameters has only a single predefined value. However, in many applications this is not the case, and there is a certain level of uncertainty in the values of the parameters. The multi-scenario approach is one of the most common approaches to model uncertainty. In this approach, each scenario defines a different possible realization of the parameters and the scheduler has to decide upon the exact schedule prior to knowing the exact scenario realization. Different scenarios may arise for a large number of reasons, such as: ($i$) the assignment of different workers to the processing operations, where the identity of the worker is beyond the scheduler’s control; ($ii$) unpredictable changes in weather conditions; or ($iii$) a possible strike at the port, which may affect job release dates. The purpose of this paper is to offer a unified framework for scheduling in a multi-scenario environment by presenting an up-to-date survey of results in this field. We also included some new results, presented here for the first time, and suggest many challenges for future research.

在经典的确定性调度模型中，通常假设每个参数只有一个预定义值。然而，在许多应用中情况并非如此，参数值存在一定程度的不确定性。多场景方法是模拟不确定性的最常见方法之一。在这种方法中，每个场景都定义了参数的不同可能实现，并且调度程序必须在知道确切的场景实现之前决定确切的调度。由于多种原因，可能会出现不同的情况，例如：($我$) 将不同的工人分配给处理操作，其中工人的身份超出了调度程序的控制范围；($我我$) 天气条件不可预测的变化；或者 （$我我我$) 港口可能发生罢工，这可能会影响工作发布日期。本文的目的是通过展示该领域的最新成果调查，为多场景环境中的调度提供一个统一的框架。我们还包括了一些首次在此展示的新结果，并提出了未来研究的许多挑战。