INTRODUCTION School burnout (SBO) is a public health issue with possible long-term consequences that occurs among developing adolescents. To design prevention policies, SBO's causes and consequences must be established. Moreover, a better understanding of its development might help identify key moments for interventions. Longitudinal studies can reveal whether SBO changes or remains stable over time and can track how its different dimensions develop. They can also clarify the distinction between the predictors and outcomes of SBO. METHODS This systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines and aims to synthesize knowledge about the development of SBO and its predictors and outcomes. We queried databases for articles published between January 2002 and February 2021 that use a quantitative assessment of SBO and have longitudinal designs using students in secondary education. RESULTS Forty-three articles representing 48 studies were included in this review. The most-documented risk factors are female gender and high school academic track. Exhaustion is the first dimension of SBO to develop. The most-documented risk factors are female gender and high school academic track. Relationships with parents serve as a protective factor. Outcomes of SBO include lower engagement at school, impaired identity development, and lower satisfaction with life. Complex relationships are found between SBO, problematic use of internet, problematic use of social media, and depressive symptoms. The three are likely to be caused by SBO but probably develop in vicious cycles. CONCLUSION More research on the organizational factors influencing SBO in diverse educational systems is needed.

中文翻译：

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对青少年学校倦怠纵向变化的系统回顾：轨迹、预测因素和结果。

引言 学校倦怠 (SBO) 是一个公共卫生问题，可能会在发育中的青少年中产生长期后果。要设计预防政策，必须确定 SBO 的原因和后果。此外，更好地了解其发展可能有助于确定干预的关键时刻。纵向研究可以揭示 SBO 是随时间变化还是保持稳定，并可以追踪其不同维度的发展情况。他们还可以阐明 SBO 的预测变量和结果之间的区别。方法 本系统评价遵循 PRISMA 指南，旨在综合有关 SBO 发展及其预测因素和结果的知识。我们在数据库中查询了 2002 年 1 月至 2021 年 2 月期间发表的文章，这些文章使用 SBO 的定量评估，并使用中等教育的学生进行纵向设计。结果 代表 48 项研究的 43 篇文章被纳入本综述。记录最多的风险因素是女性和高中学历。精疲力竭是 SBO 发展的第一个维度。记录最多的风险因素是女性和高中学历。与父母的关系是一个保护因素。SBO 的结果包括在学校的参与度降低、身份发展受损以及对生活的满意度降低。在 SBO、有问题的互联网使用、有问题的社交媒体使用和抑郁症状之间发现了复杂的关系。这三者很可能是SBO引起的，但很可能恶性循环发展。结论 需要对不同教育系统中影响 SBO 的组织因素进行更多研究。