This work describes the study of the chemical profiling and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of essential oils (EOs) from four Pinus species (P. wallichiana, P. patula, P. roxburghii and P. gerardiana). The identification and quantification of EOs metabolites were performed by GC/MS, GC-FID and ¹³C-NMR. The needles of P. wallichiana and P. gerardiana presented the highest oil yields (0.35 % and 0.36 %, respectively). Twenty-four constituents were characterized in among samples exhibiting 93.8–97.7 % of the total EOs. The components and yields of the targeted samples were varied according to the species. Major components of the oils were α-pinene (20.5–34.1 %), β-pinene (1.4–53.0 %), δ-3-carene (0.2–47.0 %), limonene (1.7–13.4 %), β-phellandrene (0.2–23.4 %), β-myrcene (1.8–7.2 %) and α-terpinolene (0.6–7.9 %). The extracted EOs showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which was close to the positive control, acarbose. This study showed that the EOs of Pinus species may be used as natural antidiabetic.

中文翻译：

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印度喜马拉雅西北部四种松树针叶精油的化学多样性和 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

这项工作描述了来自四种松树种（P. wallichiana、P. patula、P. roxburghii和P. gerardiana ）的精油 (EO) 的化学分析和 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的研究。EOs 代谢物的鉴定和定量通过 GC/MS、GC-FID 和¹³ C-NMR 进行。P. wallichiana和P. gerardiana的针叶出油率最高（分别为 0.35% 和 0.36%）。样本中有 24 种成分被表征，占总 EO 的 93.8-97.7%。目标样品的成分和产量因物种而异。油的主要成分是 α-蒎烯 (20.5–34.1 %)、β-蒎烯 (1.4–53.0 %)、δ-3-蒎烯 (0.2–47.0 %)、柠檬烯 (1.7–13.4 %)、β-水芹烯 ( 0.2–23.4 %)、β-月桂烯 (1.8–7.2 %) 和 α-萜品油烯 (0.6–7.9 %)。提取的 EOs 显示出强烈的 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性，接近于阳性对照阿卡波糖。该研究表明，松属植物的 EO可用作天然抗糖尿病药。