The Proof-of-Stake (PoS) protocol is booming in blockchain networks because of excessive energy consumption and slow block generation associated with the Proof-of-Work (PoW) protocol. In terms of transaction settlement, does the PoS protocol perform better than PoW? We build a transaction settlement model based on the PoS blockchain, describing how the staking income and costs affect settlement performance, and put forward a Successful Settlement Factor (SSF) to determine whether the settlement will be successful given the block size and block time. In addition, the system developers can adjust block size and block time according to SSF to achieve the best settlement performance. Finally, using historical data for a real-world blockchain network, our model demonstrates that the optimal block time, average settlement time, average settlement fees, and total settlement lag of the PoS blockchain are 23.41%, 23.29%, 23.23%, 23.31%, respectively, less than that of the PoW blockchain.

权益证明 (PoS) 协议在区块链网络中蓬勃发展，因为与工作量证明 (PoW) 协议相关的能源消耗过多且区块生成速度缓慢。在交易结算方面，PoS 协议是否比 PoW 表现更好？我们基于 PoS 区块链构建交易结算模型，描述 Staking 收益和成本如何影响结算性能，并提出成功结算因子（SSF）来确定在给定区块大小和区块时间的情况下结算是否成功。另外，系统开发者可以根据SSF调整区块大小和区块时间以达到最佳的结算性能。最后，使用真实世界区块链网络的历史数据，我们的模型表明 PoS 区块链的最佳出块时间、平均结算时间、平均结算费用和总结算滞后分别为 23.41%、23.29%、23.23%、23.31% ，分别小于 PoW 区块链。