The boundary of real property is the fundamental element for securing rights attached to land. Countries, even with a long-standing cadastral tradition, often face the challenge of interpreting the course of a parcel boundary on the ground based on the available evidence, as data quality is very heterogeneous. Various cadastral principles and procedures have been developed for the determination of parcel boundaries in the field, which may also be associated with resolving boundary disputes. This article documents and compares the principles and procedures applied in the determination of property boundaries in selected civil law countries based on a novel conceptual model developed for that purpose. The notion of ‘boundary determination’ used in this article refers to demarcating and surveying land parcel boundaries during the initial cadastral survey and cadastral update procedures. The selected countries include Denmark and Sweden, which apply Nordic civil law; Slovenia and Turkey, which apply German civil law; and Spain, which applies Napoleonic civil law. The demarcation principles and processes applied in the different cadastral systems, the parties involved, and the evidence taken into consideration in these processes are described and compared. The main aim is to contribute to the documentation of the reasoning applied to the property boundary determination in the selected civil law countries.

不动产的边界是确保土地权利的基本要素。各国，即使具有长期的地籍传统，也常常面临根据可用证据解释地面上地块边界路线的挑战，因为数据质量非常参差不齐。已经制定了各种地籍原则和程序来确定现场的地块边界，这也可能与解决边界争端有关。本文根据为此目的开发的新颖概念模型，记录并比较了选定大陆法系国家在确定财产边界时所应用的原则和程序。本文中使用的“边界确定”概念是指在初始地籍调查和地籍更新过程中划定和测量地块边界。选定的国家包括适用北欧民法的丹麦和瑞典；斯洛文尼亚和土耳其，适用德国民法；西班牙，适用拿破仑民法。描述和比较了在不同地籍系统中应用的分界原则和过程、所涉及的各方以及在这些过程中考虑的证据。主要目的是帮助记录适用于选定大陆法系国家财产边界确定的推理。适用德国民法；西班牙，适用拿破仑民法。描述和比较了在不同地籍系统中应用的分界原则和过程、所涉及的各方以及在这些过程中考虑的证据。主要目的是帮助记录适用于选定大陆法系国家财产边界确定的推理。适用德国民法；西班牙，适用拿破仑民法。描述和比较了在不同地籍系统中应用的分界原则和过程、所涉及的各方以及在这些过程中考虑的证据。主要目的是帮助记录适用于选定大陆法系国家财产边界确定的推理。