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In Vivo and In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Phlorizin Against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-16 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05934
Zecai Zhang 1, 2, 3, 4 , Jiang Huang 1 , Zhicheng Zhao 1 , Xueying Yuan 1 , Chuang Li 1 , Siyu Liu 1 , Yueqi Cui 1 , Yu Liu 1, 2, 3, 4 , Yulong Zhou 1, 2, 3, 4 , Zhanbo Zhu 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most serious pathogens affecting the cattle industry worldwide. Phlorizin, a kind of flavonoids extracted from apple tree roots, leaves, and fruits, has a variety of biological functions and has been widely used as a herbal supplement and food additive. Here, BALB/c mouse and Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells were used to explore the effect and mechanism of phlorizin against BVDV infection. The results showed that phlorizin significantly inhibited CP BVDV replication and improved the histopathological changes of duodenum and spleen in mice. In vitro studies also confirmed the activity of phlorizin against CP BVDV. Exploration on its potential mechanism suggested that phlorizin inhibited CP BVDV-induced beclin-1 level and the conversion rate of LC3B-I to LC3B-II. Interestingly, although phlorizin also showed a protective effect on MDBK cells, which were treated with 3-methyladenine A (3-MA), the effect was significantly weakened. Furthermore, phlorizin suppressed the stage of BVDV replication but showed no effect on stages of attachment and internalization. Our data further indicated that phlorizin promoted IFN-α and IFN-β levels, decreased IL-1β and IL-6 expression, and regulated RIG-I, MDA5, TLR3, and NLRP3 levels. Similar to CP BVDV results, in vivo and in vitro, phlorizin inhibited NCP BVDV (NY-1 and YNJG2020 strains) infection. These results were the first to be discovered that phlorizin might be used as a new dietary strategy for controlling BVDV infection.

中文翻译:

根皮苷抗牛病毒性腹泻病毒的体内外抗病毒活性

牛病毒性腹泻病毒 (BVDV) 是影响全球养牛业的最严重病原体之一。根皮苷是一种从苹果树的根、叶和果实中提取的黄酮类化合物,具有多种生物学功能,被广泛用作草药补充剂和食品添加剂。在这里,BALB/c 小鼠和 Madin-Darby 牛肾 (MDBK) 细胞用于探索根皮苷抗 BVDV 感染的作用和机制。结果表明,根皮苷显着抑制CP BVDV复制,改善小鼠十二指肠和脾脏的组织病理学改变。体外研究也证实了根皮苷对 CP BVDV 的活性。对其潜在机制的探索表明,根皮苷抑制 CP BVDV 诱导的 beclin-1 水平和 LC3B-I 向 LC3B-II 的转化率。有趣的是,虽然根皮苷也显示出对用 3-甲基腺嘌呤 A (3-MA) 处理的 MDBK 细胞的保护作用,但该作用显着减弱。此外,根皮苷抑制 BVDV 复制阶段,但对附着和内化阶段没有影响。我们的数据进一步表明,根皮苷促进 IFN-α 和 IFN-β 水平,降低 IL-1β 和 IL-6 表达,并调节 RIG-I、MDA5、TLR3 和 NLRP3 水平。与 CP BVDV 结果相似,在体内和体外,根皮苷抑制 NCP BVDV(NY-1 和 YNJG2020 株)感染。这些结果是第一个发现根皮苷可能用作控制 BVDV 感染的新饮食策略的结果。根皮苷抑制 BVDV 复制阶段,但对附着和内化阶段没有影响。我们的数据进一步表明,根皮苷促进 IFN-α 和 IFN-β 水平,降低 IL-1β 和 IL-6 表达,并调节 RIG-I、MDA5、TLR3 和 NLRP3 水平。与 CP BVDV 结果相似,在体内和体外,根皮苷抑制 NCP BVDV(NY-1 和 YNJG2020 株)感染。这些结果是第一个发现根皮苷可能用作控制 BVDV 感染的新饮食策略的结果。根皮苷抑制 BVDV 复制阶段,但对附着和内化阶段没有影响。我们的数据进一步表明,根皮苷促进 IFN-α 和 IFN-β 水平,降低 IL-1β 和 IL-6 表达,并调节 RIG-I、MDA5、TLR3 和 NLRP3 水平。与 CP BVDV 结果相似,在体内和体外,根皮苷抑制 NCP BVDV(NY-1 和 YNJG2020 株)感染。这些结果是第一个发现根皮苷可能用作控制 BVDV 感染的新饮食策略的结果。根皮苷抑制 NCP BVDV(NY-1 和 YNJG2020 株)感染。这些结果是第一个发现根皮苷可能用作控制 BVDV 感染的新饮食策略的结果。根皮苷抑制 NCP BVDV(NY-1 和 YNJG2020 株)感染。这些结果是第一个发现根皮苷可能用作控制 BVDV 感染的新饮食策略的结果。
更新日期:2022-11-16
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