Chemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is essential for effective biological conversion in subsequent steps to produce biofuels or biochemicals. For effective pretreatment, high lignin content and its recalcitrant nature of LCB are major factors influencing bioconversion, especially lignin is known to be effectively solubilized by alkaline, organic, and deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, while hemicellulose is effectively dissolved by various acid catalysts and organic solvents. Depending on the pretreatment method/catalyst used, different pretreatment process scheme should be applied with different amounts of catalyst and water inputs to achieve a satisfactory effect. In addition, the amount of processing water required in the following processes such as washing, catalyst recovery, and conditioning after pretreatment is critical factor for scale-up (commercialization). In this review, the amount of catalyst and/or water used, and the effect of pretreatment, properties of the products, and recovery of liquid are also discussed.

木质纤维素生物质 (LCB) 的化学预处理对于后续步骤中有效的生物转化以生产生物燃料或生物化学品至关重要。对于有效的预处理，LCB 的高木质素含量及其顽固性是影响生物转化的主要因素，特别是已知木质素可被碱性、有机和低共熔溶剂、离子液体有效溶解，而半纤维素可被各种酸催化剂有效溶解和有机溶剂。根据所用的预处理方法/催化剂，应采用不同的预处理工艺方案，采用不同的催化剂和水输入量，以达到令人满意的效果。此外，洗涤、催化剂回收、预处理后的调节是扩大规模（商业化）的关键因素。在这篇综述中，还讨论了催化剂和/或水的用量，以及预处理的影响、产品的性能和液体的回收率。