Mental health disorders and suicidality are rising among adolescents and young adults (A-YA) while rates of treatment engagement remain notoriously low. Emerging research supports the potential of music-based interventions to improve mental health, but their efficacy remains unclear for A-YA. This systematic review evaluates the evidence on music-based psychosocial interventions to improve engagement in treatment and/or mental health outcomes among A-YA. This review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Twenty-six studies were extracted. There was heterogeneity of designs, populations, measures, and outcomes. A typology of music-based interventions emerged, which is characterized by combinations of three broad categories: 1) Somatosensory, 2) Social-Emotional, and 3) Cognitive-Reflective. Most interventions are Socio-Cognitive and Holistically Integrated (combines all three) followed by Socio-Somatic. All interventions involved Social-Emotional processes. Results indicate that most studies report significant effects for mental health outcomes related to social and emotional improvements and reductions of internalizing symptoms for adolescents. Few studies targeted young adults and effects on engagement were rarely measured. There is a need for more studies that use rigorous methods. This review illuminated a need for interventions that are developmentally and culturally tailored to subgroups. Finally, the field is ripe from more studies that apply experimental therapeutics to conceptualize, operationalize, and test mechanisms of change to improve the understanding of how and for whom music-based interventions work. Recommendations for embedding these innovative strategies into research and practice for A-YA are discussed.

青少年和年轻人 (A-YA) 的心理健康障碍和自杀倾向正在上升，而治疗参与率仍然很低。新兴研究支持基于音乐的干预措施改善心理健康的潜力，但其对 A-YA 的功效仍不清楚。本系统综述评估了基于音乐的心理社会干预措施的证据，以提高 A-YA 患者的治疗参与度和/或心理健康结果。该综述前瞻性地在 PROSPERO 注册，并遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南。提取了 26 项研究。设计、人群、措施和结果存在异质性。基于音乐的干预类型出现了，其特点是三大类的组合：1）体感，2）社会情感，3）认知反思。大多数干预措施是社会认知和整体整合（结合所有三者），其次是社会躯体。所有干预措施都涉及社会情感过程。结果表明，大多数研究都报告了与青少年社交和情绪改善以及内化症状减少相关的心理健康结果的显着影响。很少有研究针对年轻人，也很少测量对参与度的影响。需要进行更多使用严格方法的研究。这项审查阐明了针对亚群体的发展和文化量身定制干预措施的必要性。 最后，更多的研究应用实验疗法来概念化、操作和测试变革机制，以提高对基于音乐的干预措施如何发挥作用以及为谁发挥作用的理解，该领域已经成熟。讨论了将这些创新策略融入 A-YA 研究和实践的建议。