A large number of process routes is available for the production of sustainable energy carriers from biogenic residues. Benchmarking these routes usually suffers from a lack of comparable performance data. The present work addresses this through a comprehensive model-based comparison of various biomass-to-X routes. Herein, seven routes (methanol, synthetic natural gas, dimethyl ether, Fischer-Tropsch syncrude, ammonia, and hydrogen with and without carbon capture) are modelled in detailed Aspen Plus® simulations. The evaluation itself is based on various key performance indicators, which capture both energetic (i.e. energy yield and usable heat per feedstock) and material-based (i.e. carbon and hydrogen conversion efficiency, and CO₂ emissions) properties of the routes. The results show, that no simple correlations can be drawn between energetic and material-based indicators. In summary across all considered properties, the methanol route exhibits the best combined results, in particular with the highest carbon efficiency of 40 %. Fischer-Tropsch is more suitable for integration into existing industrial parks due to the lowest energy yield of 40 % with a lot of by-product formation and the highest amount of useable heat per feedstock of 211.3 ${\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{W}}^{-1}$. Whereas dimethyl ether and synthetic natural gas have potential for integration into heat grids, mainly due to their good conversion and simultaneous large heat dissipation. Ammonia and hydrogen should only be considered in combination with carbon capture. Therefore, the key performance indicators determined herein must be considered together with project- and location-specific requirements and the market outlook for the product.

大量工艺路线可用于从生物残留物中生产可持续能源载体。对这些路线进行基准测试通常会因缺乏可比较的性能数据而受到影响。目前的工作通过对各种生物质到 X 路线的基于模型的综合比较来解决这个问题。在此，在详细的 Aspen Plus® 模拟中对七条路线（甲醇、合成天然气、二甲醚、费-托合成原油、氨和氢，有和没有碳捕获）进行了建模。评估本身基于各种关键绩效指标，这些指标包括能量（即能源产量和每种原料的可用热量）和材料（即碳和氢转化效率，以及 CO ₂排放）路线的属性。结果表明，在能量指标和物质指标之间无法得出简单的相关性。总而言之，在所有考虑的特性中，甲醇路线表现出最好的综合结果，特别是碳效率最高，达到 40%。Fischer-Tropsch 更适合整合到现有的工业园区，因为最低的能源产量为 40%，并形成大量副产品，并且每个原料的可用热量最高为 211.3 ${\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}\mathrm{米}\mathrm{W}}^{-\mathrm{1个}}$. 而二甲醚和合成天然气具有并入热网的潜力，主要是因为它们转化率好，同时散热量大。氨和氢只能与碳捕获结合考虑。因此，此处确定的关键性能指标必须与项目和位置的特定要求以及产品的市场前景一起考虑。