Supercapacitor (SC) is one of the most promising electrochemical energy-storage devices. However, the practical application of SCs is limited by the low-energy density. Herein, high-temperature shock (HTS)-derived ultrafine structure-activated porous carbon (UAPC) with N, O functional groups is reported as high-energy density SCs carbon. The process of ultrafast joule heating and cooling effectively transfers general-purposed carbon into electrochemical-activated carbon. The UAPC-based SCs exhibit an energy density of up to 129 Wh kg⁻¹ in EMIMBF₄ ionic liquid, which outperform almost all reported and commercial SCs (22 Wh kg⁻¹). The outstanding electrochemical performance of UAPC is attributed to the ultrafine structure and N, O functional groups, which enlarges the surface area, improves the surface wettability of UAPC electrodes, and provides pseudocapacitance. The facile and efficient ultrafast-processing strategy has opened up an unprecedented pathway for the application of low-value carbon for the electrode design and application of SCs.

中文翻译：

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超精细结构的超快制造可在超级电容器中实现超过 120 Wh kg−1 的能量密度

超级电容器（SC）是最有前途的电化学储能装置之一。然而，SCs的实际应用受到低能量密度的限制。在此，高温冲击 (HTS) 衍生的具有 N、O 官能团的超细结构活性多孔碳 (UAPC) 被报道为高能量密度 SCs 碳。超快焦耳加热和冷却过程有效地将通用碳转化为电化学活性炭。基于 UAPC 的 SC在 EMIMBF ₄离子液体中表现出高达 129 Wh kg ^-1的能量密度，其性能优于几乎所有报道和商业 SC（22 Wh kg ^-1). UAPC 出色的电化学性能归因于超细结构和 N、O 官能团，这扩大了表面积，提高了 UAPC 电极的表面润湿性，并提供了赝电容。简便高效的超快加工策略为低价值碳在SCs电极设计和应用中的应用开辟了前所未有的途径。