Compressor surge is a typical unstable phenomenon generally resulting in violent aerodynamic oscillation in a compression system. Because of the hysteresis caused by the unsteady flow behaviors during the surge cycle in a compression system, some aerodynamic properties show clear distinctions with altered streamwise positions. In order to obtain the transient surge characteristics accurately in the experiment, the probes should be reasonably positioned along the streamwise positions. In this paper, a one-dimensional-three-dimensional (1D-3D) coupled method is used to study the streamwise variance of aerodynamic properties during the surge process in the compression system including a centrifugal compressor and downstream pipe system. The results show that for the mass flow rate, the surge amplitude decreases gradually along the downstream pipe. In contrast, the amplitude of the mid-frequency mass flow fluctuation caused by pressure wave propagation increases firstly and then decreases. For unsteady pressure characteristics, the amplitude of pressure oscillation during the surge cycle along the downstream pipe system is almost the same. For temperature characteristics, when the surge occurs, the strength of reverse flow increases dramatically, which makes the temperature increment near the casing wall at the compressor inlet come up to 60.6% of the temperature before surge inception, also the temperature increment is faster than the pressure response at compressor outlet. The variance analysis concerning aerodynamic properties along the streamwise direction of a compression system can provide the following guidance for engineering practice of surge test or monitoring: the transient mass flow probe should be placed close to the compressor outlet in order to obtain the dynamic mass flow characteristics more accurately, and the distance between pressure sensors and compressor outlet has little influence on the accuracy of dynamic pressure measurement in a surge cycle. Moreover, the surge inception can be judged accurately and quickly by placing high-frequency temperature sensors on the casing at the compressor inlet.

压缩机喘振是一种典型的不稳定现象，通常会导致压缩系统发生剧烈的气动振荡。由于在压缩系统的喘振循环期间不稳定流动行为引起的滞后作用，一些空气动力学特性显示出与改变的流向位置的明显区别。为了在实验中准确获得暂态浪涌特性，探头应沿流向位置合理布置。本文采用一维-三维 (1D-3D) 耦合方法研究了包括离心式压缩机和下游管道系统在内的压缩系统在喘振过程中气动特性的流向变化。结果表明，对于质量流量，喘振幅值沿下游管道逐渐减小。相比之下，压力波传播引起的中频质量流量波动的幅度先增大后减小。对于不稳定的压力特性，沿下游管道系统的喘振周期中的压力振荡幅度几乎相同。对于温度特性，当出现喘振时，逆流强度急剧增加，使得压气机进口处机壳壁附近的温升达到喘振开始前温度的60.6%，且升温速度较前段快。压缩机出口处的压力响应。压缩系统沿流向气动特性的方差分析可为喘振试验或监测的工程实践提供以下指导：瞬态质量流量探头应靠近压缩机出口放置，以便更准确地获得动态质量流量特性，压力传感器与压缩机出口的距离对喘振循环中动态压力测量的精度影响不大。此外，通过在压气机入口处的机壳上放置高频温度传感器，可以准确、快速地判断喘振的开始。