The industrial hemp sector is growing and, in recent years, has launched many novel hemp-derived products, including animal feed. It is, however, unclear to what extent individual cannabinoids from industrial hemp transfer from the feed into products of animal origin and whether they pose a risk for the consumer. Here we present the results of a feeding experiment with industrial hemp silage in dairy cows. Hemp feeding included changes in feed intake, milk yield, respiratory and heart rates, and behaviour. We combined liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry-based analyses and toxicokinetic computer modelling to estimate the transfer of several cannabinoids (Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC), Δ⁸-THC, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabivarin, 11-OH-Δ⁹-THC, 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ⁹-THC, cannabidiol, cannabinol and cannabidivarin) from animal feed to milk. For Δ⁹-THC, which has a feed-to-milk transfer rate of 0.20% ± 0.03%, the acute reference dose for humans was exceeded in several consumer groups in exposure scenarios for milk and dairy product consumption when using industrial hemp to feed dairy cows.

工业大麻行业正在发展，近年来推出了许多新型大麻衍生产品，包括动物饲料。然而，尚不清楚工业大麻中的个别大麻素在多大程度上从饲料转移到动物源性产品中，以及它们是否对消费者构成风险。在这里，我们展示了在奶牛中使用工业大麻青贮饲料进行饲喂实验的结果。大麻喂养包括饲料摄入量、产奶量、呼吸率和心率以及行为的变化。我们结合基于液相色谱-串联质谱的分析和毒代动力学计算机建模来估计几种大麻素的转移（Δ ⁹ -四氢大麻酚（Δ ⁹ -THC），Δ ⁸ -THC，Δ ⁹-四氢大麻酚酸、Δ ^{9 -}四氢大麻素、11-OH-Δ ⁹ -THC、11-nor-9-羧基-Δ ⁹ -THC、大麻二酚、大麻酚和大麻素）从动物饲料到牛奶。对于 Δ ⁹ -THC，其饲料到牛奶的转移率为 0.20% ± 0.03%，在使用工业大麻喂养时，在牛奶和乳制品消费的暴露场景中，几个消费群体超过了人类的急性参考剂量奶牛。