A surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) platform integrated with a smartphone was constructed for the simultaneous and sensitive detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers. The smartphone SPRi platform was developed without the requirement of additional light and power sources. The LED flash of the smartphone was used as the light source for the excitation of surface plasmon resonance of a gold sensor chip based on the Kretschmann configuration, while the reflected light was collected by the camera of the smartphone. This smartphone SPRi system was conveniently fabricated by 3D printing and showed a sensitivity of 1.78 × 10⁻⁵ refractive index unit (RIU). In addition, based on a magnetic nanoparticle-enhanced sandwich immunoassay, the smartphone SPRi system with a gold array chip was employed for the detection of multiple AKI biomarkers, with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.19 ng ml⁻¹, 0.51 ng ml⁻¹ and 0.7 ng ml⁻¹ for the simultaneous detection of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in urine, respectively. The biosensors demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity for the simultaneous detection of multiple AKI biomarkers in PBST and urine. The smartphone SPRi system provided a portable and cost-effective platform for point-of-care diagnosis, in-field healthcare and environmental monitoring.

中文翻译：

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智能手机表面等离子共振成像通过无创尿液分析同时灵敏地检测急性肾损伤生物标志物

构建了与智能手机集成的表面等离子体共振成像 (SPRi) 平台，用于同时灵敏地检测急性肾损伤 (AKI) 生物标志物。智能手机 SPRi 平台的开发不需要额外的光源和电源。智能手机的 LED 闪光灯被用作激发基于 Kretschmann 配置的金传感器芯片的表面等离子体共振的光源，而反射光被智能手机的相机收集。这款智能手机 SPRi 系统通过 3D 打印方便地制造，灵敏度为 1.78 × 10 ^-5折射率单位 (RIU)。此外，基于磁性纳米粒子增强夹心免疫分析，采用金阵列芯片的智能手机 SPRi 系统检测多种 AKI 生物标志物，检测下限（LOD）分别为 0.19 ng ml ^-1、0.51 ng ml ^-1和 0.7 ng ml ^-1分别用于同时检测尿液中的中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白 (NGAL)、白细胞介素 18 (IL-18) 和视黄醇结合蛋白 (RBP)。该生物传感器在同时检测 PBST 和尿液中的多种 AKI 生物标志物方面表现出高特异性和灵敏度。智能手机 SPRi 系统为即时诊断、现场医疗保健和环境监测提供了一个便携且具有成本效益的平台。