Transport workers were among the most affected by the COVID-19 crisis. In several countries, public transport and delivery drivers were considered essential workers during the pandemic, while the demand changed dramatically. In this context, little is known about the actual effects of the pandemic on the lives of drivers, and whether those effects depend on the type and formality of the corresponding job. In this paper, we analyse the impact of the pandemic on the daily jobs of public transport, ride-hailing, and delivery app drivers: we study changes on working time and income, pandemic-related concerns, and deterioration of job satisfaction, through a survey applied to drivers during the first peak of the pandemic in Santiago, Chile. Probit regressions on job satisfaction identify the main COVID-related experiences that explain variations in subjective perceptions.

We then discuss the implications for post-pandemic job relationships, drivers’ working conditions and urban mobility. We show that the unstable characteristics of app-based jobs sharpened during the pandemic: Public transport drivers have kept their jobs, with a similar income as in the pre-pandemic situation and keep their social security, whereas ride-hailing and delivery app drivers do not have social security. Several ride-hailing drivers lost their jobs without any compensation, while delivery drivers earn less money per hour, are more exhausted, and express the greatest concerns and largest decrease in their job satisfaction. The COVID-19 crisis has emphasized that the sustainability of post-pandemic passenger and delivery on-demand services needs to rely on formal job regulation and worker protection.

运输工人是受 COVID-19 危机影响最严重的群体之一。在一些国家，公共交通和送货司机在大流行期间被视为必不可少的工人，而需求却发生了巨大变化。在这种情况下，人们对这种流行病对司机生活的实际影响以及这些影响是否取决于相应工作的类型和形式知之甚少。在本文中，我们分析了疫情对公共交通、网约车和配送应用司机日常工作的影响：我们通过以下方法研究了工作时间和收入的变化、疫情相关的担忧以及工作满意度的恶化。在智利圣地亚哥疫情第一个高峰期对司机进行的调查。工作满意度的 Probit 回归确定了与新冠病毒相关的主要经历，这些经历解释了主观看法的变化。

然后我们讨论对大流行后工作关系、司机工作条件和城市流动性的影响。我们发现，基于应用程序的工作的不稳定特征在疫情期间加剧：公共交通司机保留了工作，收入与大流行前相似，并保留了社会保障，而网约车和送货应用程序司机则保留了自己的工作。没有社会保障。一些网约车司机在没有任何补偿的情况下失去了工作，而送货司机每小时的收入更少，更加疲惫，他们表达了最大的担忧和工作满意度的最大下降。 COVID-19危机强调，大流行后客运和按需送货服务的可持续性需要依赖正式的就业监管和工人保护。