In the almost 70 years since the first hints of its existence, the phosphoinositide, phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate has been found to be central in the biological regulation of plasma membrane (PM) function. Here, we provide an overview of the signaling, transport and structural roles the lipid plays at the cell surface in animal cells. These include being substrate for second messenger generation, direct modulation of receptors, control of membrane traffic, regulation of ion channels and transporters, and modulation of the cytoskeleton and cell polarity. We conclude by re-evaluating PI(4,5)P2’s designation as a signaling molecule, instead proposing a cofactor role, enabling PM-selective function for many proteins.

中文翻译：

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PI(4,5)P2：向质膜发出信号


自首次暗示其存在以来的近 70 年间，人们发现磷酸肌醇（磷脂酰-D-肌醇 4,5-二磷酸）在质膜 (PM) 功能的生物调节中发挥着核心作用。在这里，我们概述了脂质在动物细胞表面的信号传导、运输和结构作用。这些包括作为第二信使生成的底物、受体的直接调节、膜运输的控制、离子通道和转运蛋白的调节以及细胞骨架和细胞极性的调节。最后，我们重新评估了 PI(4,5)P2 作为信号分子的名称，转而提出了辅助因子的作用，从而使许多蛋白质具有 PM 选择性功能。