Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer, posing a serious threat to human life. It is widely believed that dietary factors may be crucial modifiers of CRC risk, with pro-and/or prebiotics being especially promising. In this review, a synthesis of CRC prevention and treatment of strategies relying on usage of pro- and/or prebiotics supplements is given, as well as discuss mechanisms underlying the contribution of pro-and/or prebiotics to the suppression of colonic carcinogenesis. Furthermore, a framework for personalizing such supplements according to the composition of an individual's gut microbiome is suggested. Various factors including diversity of one's intestinal microflora, integrity of their intestinal barrier, and the presence of mutagenic/carcinogenic/genotoxic and beneficial compounds are known to have a prominent influence on the development of CRC; thus, clarifying the role of pro- and/or prebiotics will yield valuable insight toward optimizing interventions for enhanced patient outcomes in the future.

中文翻译：

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摄入益生元和/或益生元作为预防和治疗结直肠癌的有前途的方法

结直肠癌（CRC）是第三大最常见的癌症类型，对人类生命构成严重威胁。人们普遍认为，饮食因素可能是 CRC 风险的关键调节因素，其中益生元和/或益生元尤其有前途。在这篇综述中，综合了依赖于使用益生元和/或益生元补充剂的 CRC 预防和治疗策略，并讨论了益生元和/或益生元对抑制结肠癌发生的贡献的潜在机制。此外，还提出了一种根据个体肠道微生物组的组成来个性化此类补充剂的框架。各种因素，包括一个人肠道微生物群落的多样性、肠道屏障的完整性、已知诱变/致癌/遗传毒性和有益化合物的存在对 CRC 的发展有显着影响；因此，阐明益生元和/或益生元的作用将为优化干预措施以提高未来的患者疗效提供宝贵的见解。