Background and Aim

Few studies have reported the association between air pollution exposure with different dimensions of depression. We aimed to explore this association across different dimensions of depressive symptoms in a large population.

Methods

Data from the enrollment phase of the French CONSTANCES cohort (2012–2020) were analyzed cross-sectionally. Annual concentrations of particulate matter with a diameter < 2.5 µm (PM_2.5), black carbon (BC), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) from the land-use regression models were assigned to the residential addresses of participants. Total depressive symptoms and its four dimensions (depressed affect, disturbed interpersonal relations, low positive affect, somatic complaints) were measured using Centre of Epidemiologic Studies Depression questionnaire (CES-D). We reported results of negative binomial regression models (reported as Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure), for each pollutant separately. Stratified analyses were performed by sex, income, family status, education, and neighborhood deprivation.

Results

The study included 123,754 participants (mean age, 46.50 ± 13.61 years; 52.4 % women). The mean concentration of PM_2.5, BC and NO₂ were 17.14 µg/m³ (IQR = 4.89), 1.82 10^-5/m (IQR = 0.88) and 26.58 µg/m³ (IQR = 17.41) respectively. Exposures to PM_2.5, BC and NO₂ were significantly associated with a higher CES-D total (IRR = 1.022; 95 % CI = 1.002: 1.042, IRR = 1.027; 95 % CI = 1.013: 1.040, and IRR = 1.029; 95 % CI = 1.015: 1.042 respectively), and with depressed affect, and somatic complaints. For all pollutants, a higher estimate was observed for depressed affect. We found stronger adverse associations for men, lower-income participants, low and middle education groups, those living in highly deprived areas, and single participants.

Conclusion

Our finding could assist the exploration of the etiological pathway of air pollution on depression and also considering primary prevention strategies in the areas with air pollution.

中文翻译：

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环境空气污染暴露和抑郁症状：来自法国 CONSTANCES 队列的研究结果

背景和目标

很少有研究报告空气污染暴露与不同维度的抑郁症之间的关联。我们的目的是在大量人群中探索这种跨抑郁症状不同维度的关联。

方法

对来自法国 CONSTANCES 队列（2012-2020 年）注册阶段的数据进行了横断面分析。直径 < 2.5 µm 的颗粒物 (PM _2.5 )、黑碳 (BC) 和二氧化氮 (NO ₂) 来自土地利用回归模型的数据被分配给参与者的居住地址。使用流行病学研究中心抑郁问卷 (CES-D) 测量总体抑郁症状及其四个维度（抑郁情绪、人际关系紊乱、低积极情绪、躯体不适）。我们分别针对每种污染物报告了负二项式回归模型的结果（报告为四分位距 (IQR) 暴露增加的发生率比 (IRR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)）。分层分析按性别、收入、家庭状况、教育和邻里剥夺进行。

结果

该研究包括 123,754 名参与者（平均年龄，46.50 ± 13.61 岁；52.4% 为女性）。PM _2.5、BC和NO ₂的平均浓度分别为17.14 µg/m ³ (IQR = 4.89)、1.82 10 ^-5 /m (IQR = 0.88)和26.58 µg/m ³ (IQR = 17.41)。接触 PM _2.5、 BC 和 NO ₂与较高的 CES-D 总数显着相关（分别为 IRR = 1.022；95% CI = 1.002：1.042，IRR = 1.027；95% CI = 1.013：1.040，以及 IRR = 1.029；95% CI = 1.015：1.042），并伴有抑郁情绪和躯体不适。对于所有污染物，观察到抑郁情绪的估计值更高。我们发现男性、低收入参与者、中低教育群体、生活在高度贫困地区的人和单身参与者之间存在更强的不良关联。

结论

我们的发现可能有助于探索空气污染对抑郁症的病因学途径，也有助于考虑空气污染地区的一级预防策略。