MXene-based nanozymes have garnered considerable attention because of their potential environmental and biomedical applications. These materials encompass alluring and manageable catalytic performances and physicochemical features, which make them suitable as (bio)sensors with high selectivity/sensitivity and efficiency. MXene-based structures with suitable electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, large surface area, optical/magnetic properties, and thermal/mechanical features can be applied in designing innovative nanozymes with area-dependent electrocatalytic performances. Despite the advances made, there is still a long way to deploy MXene-based nanozymes, especially in medical and healthcare applications; limitations pertaining the peroxidase-like activity and sensitivity/selectivity may restrict further practical applications of pristine MXenes. Thus, developing an efficient surface engineering tactic is still required to fabricate multifunctional MXene-based nanozymes with excellent activity. To obtain MXene-based nanozymes with unique physicochemical features and high stability, some crucial steps such as hybridization and modification ought to be performed. Notably, (nano)toxicological and long-term biosafety analyses along with clinical translation studies still need to be comprehensively addressed. Although very limited reports exist pertaining to the biomedical potentials of MXene-based nanozymes, the future explorations should transition toward the extensive research and detailed analyses to realize additional potentials of these structures in biomedicine with a focus on clinical and industrial aspects. In this perspective, therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic applications of MXene-based nanozymes are deliberated with a focus on future perspectives toward more successful clinical translational studies. The current state-of-the-art biomedical advances in the use of MXene-based nanozymes, as well as their developmental challenges and future prospects are also highlighted. In view of the fascinating properties of MXene-based nanozymes, these materials can open significant new opportunities in the future of bio- and nanomedicine.

基于 MXene 的纳米酶因其潜在的环境和生物医学应用而受到广泛关注。这些材料具有诱人且易于管理的催化性能和物理化学特性，使其适合作为具有高选择性/灵敏度和效率的（生物）传感器。具有合适导电性、生物相容性、大表面积、光学/磁性和热/机械特性的基于 MXene 的结构可用于设计具有区域依赖性电催化性能的创新纳米酶。尽管取得了进步，但部署基于 MXene 的纳米酶还有很长的路要走，尤其是在医疗和保健应用中；有关过氧化物酶样活性和灵敏度/选择性的限制可能会限制原始 MXenes 的进一步实际应用。因此，仍然需要开发一种有效的表面工程策略来制造具有优异活性的多功能 MXene 纳米酶。为了获得具有独特理化特性和高稳定性的基于 MXene 的纳米酶，应该进行一些关键步骤，例如杂交和修饰。值得注意的是，（纳米）毒理学和长期生物安全分析以及临床转化研究仍然需要全面解决。尽管关于基于 MXene 的纳米酶的生物医学潜力的报道非常有限，未来的探索应该转向广泛的研究和详细的分析，以实现这些结构在生物医学中的更多潜力，重点是临床和工业方面。从这个角度来看，基于 MXene 的纳米酶在治疗、诊断和治疗诊断方面的应用得到了审议，重点关注未来更成功的临床转化研究的前景。还强调了当前在使用基于 MXene 的纳米酶方面最先进的生物医学进展，以及它们的发展挑战和未来前景。鉴于基于 MXene 的纳米酶的迷人特性，这些材料可以为生物和纳米医学的未来开辟重要的新机遇。讨论了基于 MXene 的纳米酶的治疗诊断应用，重点关注未来更成功的临床转化研究的前景。还强调了当前在使用基于 MXene 的纳米酶方面最先进的生物医学进展，以及它们的发展挑战和未来前景。鉴于基于 MXene 的纳米酶的迷人特性，这些材料可以为生物和纳米医学的未来开辟重要的新机遇。讨论了基于 MXene 的纳米酶的治疗诊断应用，重点关注未来更成功的临床转化研究的前景。还强调了当前在使用基于 MXene 的纳米酶方面最先进的生物医学进展，以及它们的发展挑战和未来前景。鉴于基于 MXene 的纳米酶的迷人特性，这些材料可以为生物和纳米医学的未来开辟重要的新机遇。