Eucalyptol (1.8-cineole), an active component in traditional Chinese medicine Artemisia argyi for moxibustion. Previous studies have shown that eucalyptol has anti-tumor effects on leukemia and colon cancer. Nonetheless, the effect and mechanism of eucalyptol on neuroblastoma remains unclear. In the present study, we intended to reveal the effect and mechanism of eucalyptol treatment on the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y through transcriptome analysis. In the group treated with eucalyptol, 566 brain genes were up-regulated, while 757 genes were down-regulated. GO function analysis showed that positive regulation of cell cycle was down-regulated in biological processes. Meanwhile, cancer-related pathways were identified in KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis, including pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and additional pathways. Furthermore, we found a key gene, such as MYC, by constructing a network of cancer related pathways with differentially expressed genes and transcription factor analysis. In conclusion, our research indicates that MYC might play a central role in the anit-tumor mechanisms of eucalyptol.

桉叶油素（1.8-桉树脑），中药艾蒿的有效成分用于艾灸。以往的研究表明，桉叶油素对白血病和结肠癌具有抗肿瘤作用。尽管如此，桉叶油素对神经母细胞瘤的作用和机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们旨在通过转录组分析揭示桉树油处理对神经母细胞瘤细胞系 SH-SY5Y 的影响和机制。在用桉叶油素处理的组中，566 个大脑基因被上调，而 757 个基因被下调。GO函数分析表明，细胞周期的正调控在生物过程中被下调。同时，在KEGG（Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes）富集分析中鉴定出癌症相关通路，包括癌症通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、cAMP信号通路、TGF-β信号通路、Hippo信号通路、p53 信号通路和其他通路。此外，我们还发现了一个关键基因，例如MYC，通过构建具有差异表达基因和转录因子分析的癌症相关通路网络。总之，我们的研究表明MYC可能在桉叶油素的抗肿瘤机制中发挥核心作用。