Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful separation tool for non-targeted analysis of chemically complex samples, such as blood, urine, and tissue. However, traditionally CE requires samples in solution for analysis, which limits information on analyte distribution and heterogeneity in tissue. The recent development of surface sampling CE–mass spectrometry (SS-CE–MS) brings these advantages of CE to solid samples and enables chemical mapping directly from the tissue surface without laborious sample preparation. Here, we describe developments of SS-CE–MS to increase reproducibility and stability for metabolite, lipid, and protein extraction from tissue sections and dried blood spots. Additionally, we report the first electrokinetic sequential sample injection for high throughput analysis. We foresee that the wide molecular coverage from a distinct tissue region in combination with higher throughput will provide novel information on biological function and dysfunction.

中文翻译：

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表面采样毛细管电泳-质谱法用于组织和血液样品的直接化学表征

毛细管电泳 (CE) 是一种强大的分离工具，可用于对化学成分复杂的样品（例如血液、尿液和组织）进行非靶向分析。然而，传统上 CE 需要溶液中的样品进行分析，这限制了有关组织中分析物分布和异质性的信息。表面采样 CE-质谱法 (SS-CE-MS) 的最新发展将 CE 的这些优势带到了固体样品中，并能够直接从组织表面进行化学映射，而无需费力的样品制备。在这里，我们描述了 SS-CE-MS 的发展，以提高从组织切片和干血斑中提取代谢物、脂质和蛋白质的重现性和稳定性。此外，我们报告了第一个用于高通量分析的电动顺序进样。