Impaired inhibitory control is a core transdiagnostic mechanism in psychopathology. Directly targeting inhibitory control in intervention studies has, however, produced only little improvement. Recently, promising improvements in inhibitory control were shown by capitalizing on the inhibitory spillover effect (ISE). The central requirement of ISE is a simultaneous execution of two tasks, allowing for improved inhibitory control in the target task when control is simultaneously recruited in an induction task. The magnitude of the ISE remains to be assessed. In this preregistered meta-analysis, we synthesized eligible data from studies across psychology with the central requirement of simultaneity; thus, we deliberately included also studies meeting this requirement without the explicit aim to investigate the ISE. Results confirmed previous evidence of the ISE and documented a statistically significant small effect size (g = 0.27). Of the different induction types, cognitive induction showed the largest effects, whereas physiological and attentional induction tasks were less effective. In contrast, motor induction did not result in a significant ISE. Due to high between-study heterogeneity, we analyzed several preregistered and exploratory moderators, out of which only duration of the experimental sequence, group affiliation, and planned investigation of the ISE were significant. Sensitivity analyses yielded no indication of a publication bias. Taken together, this meta-analysis suggests that the ISE is a small, but substantial and robust effect. Future research should investigate how the ISE is applied best to reap its practical value in new treatment approaches for individuals with inhibition impairments.

中文翻译：

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便于同步控制？抑制溢出效应的荟萃分析。

抑制控制受损是精神病理学中的核心跨诊断机制。然而，在干预研究中直接针对抑制控制只产生了很小的改善。最近，通过利用抑制溢出效应 (ISE)，显示出抑制控制有希望的改进。ISE 的核心要求是同时执行两个任务，当在归纳任务中同时招募控制时，允许在目标任务中改进抑制控制。ISE 的强度仍有待评估。在这个预先注册的荟萃分析中，我们综合了来自跨心理学研究的符合条件的数据，并以同时性为核心要求；因此，我们故意将满足此要求的研究纳入其中，而没有明确的目的是调查 ISE。g = 0.27）。在不同的诱导类型中，认知诱导表现出最大的影响，而生理和注意力诱导任务效果较差。相反，电机感应不会导致显着的 ISE。由于研究间的高度异质性，我们分析了几个预先注册的和探索性的调节剂，其中只有实验序列的持续时间、小组隶属关系和 ISE 的计划调查是重要的。敏感性分析没有发现发表偏倚的迹象。总而言之，这项荟萃分析表明 ISE 是一个很小但很重要且强大的影响。未来的研究应该调查如何最好地应用 ISE，以在针对有抑制障碍的个体的新治疗方法中获得其实用价值。