Paris species accumulate a large amount of steroidal saponins, which have numerous pharmacological activities and have become an essential component in many patented drugs. However, only two among all Paris species. Paris are identified as official sources due to high level of bioactive compounds. To clarify the composition of steroidal saponins and the molecular basis behind the differences between species, we investigated transcriptome and metabolic profiles of leaves and rhizomes in Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (PPC), Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPY), Paris polyphylla var. stenophylla (PPS), Paris fargesii (PF), and Paris mairei (PM). Phytochemical results displayed that the accumulation of steroidal saponins was tissue- and species-specific. PF and PPS contained more steroidal saponins in leaves than rhizomes, while PPY accumulated more steroidal saponins in rhizomes than leaves. PPC and PM contained similar amounts of steroidal saponins in leaves and rhizomes. Transcriptome analysis illustrated that most differentially expressed genes related to the biosynthesis of steroidal saponins were abundantly expressed in rhizomes than leaves. Meanwhile, more biosynthetic genes had significant correlations with steroidal saponins in rhizomes than in leaves. The result of CCA indicated that ACAT, DXS, DWF1, and CYP90 constrained 97.35% of the variance in bioactive compounds in leaves, whereas CYP72, UGT73, ACAT, and GPPS constrained 98.61% of the variance in phytochemicals in rhizomes. This study provided critical information for enhancing the production of steroidal saponins by biotechnological approaches and methodologies.

中文翻译：

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比较转录组分析揭示了五种重生植物多叶素差异的关键基因

重楼中积累了大量的甾体皂苷，具有众多的药理活性，已成为许多专利药物的重要成分。然而，在所有巴黎物种中只有两种。由于高水平的生物活性化合物，巴黎被确定为官方来源。为了阐明甾体皂苷的组成和物种差异背后的分子基础，我们研究了重楼的叶子和根茎的转录组和代谢谱。chinensis (PPC), Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPY),重楼一叶变种。stenophylla (PPS)、Paris fargesii (PF) 和Paris mairei（下午）。植物化学结果表明，甾体皂苷的积累具有组织和物种特异性。PF和PPS在叶中的甾体皂苷含量高于根茎，而PPY在根茎中的甾体皂苷含量高于叶。PPC 和 PM 在叶子和根茎中含有相似数量的甾体皂苷。转录组分析表明，大多数与甾体皂苷生物合成相关的差异表达基因在根茎中比在叶中大量表达。同时，与叶中相比，根茎中与甾体皂苷显着相关的生物合成基因更多。CCA结果表明ACAT、DXS、DWF1和CYP90限制了叶子中 97.35% 的生物活性化合物方差，而CYP72、UGT73、ACAT和GPPS限制了根茎中 98.61% 的植物化学物质方差。该研究为通过生物技术途径和方法提高甾体皂苷的产量提供了重要信息。