Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term serious disability. Current therapeutic strategy is limited to thrombolytic agents, consequently, boosting endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms of the brain to protect itself against harmful stimuli and restore from damages are widely studied. Preconditioned brain to tolerate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury could be initiated by several different pharmacological and mechanical strategies, such as ischemic preconditioning, ethanol pharmacological preconditioning and other pre- and post-conditions, such as remote ischemic preconditioning and exercise preconditioning. In this article, we will discuss the major mechanism of ischemia/reperfusion injury and provide an overview of preconditioning in all its various forms, describe the underlying mechanisms and review the recent clinical application of this emerging neuroprotective strategy.

中风是导致死亡和长期严重残疾的主要原因之一。目前的治疗策略仅限于溶栓剂，因此，广泛研究了增强大脑的内源性神经保护机制以保护自身免受有害刺激并从损伤中恢复。耐受脑缺血/再灌注损伤的预处理大脑可以通过几种不同的药理学和机械策略启动，如缺血预处理、乙醇药理学预处理和其他前后条件，如远程缺血预处理和运动预处理。在本文中，我们将讨论缺血/再灌注损伤的主要机制，并概述各种形式的预处理，